Measurement of Armor Damage on Rubble Mound Structures: Comparison Between Different Methodologies

Vidal, C. R.; Martín, Francisco López; Negro, Vicente; Gironella, X.; Madrigal, B. G.; García‐Palacios, Jaime H.

doi:10.1061/40733(147)16

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…To analyze armor damage in trunks and roundheads, Vidal et al (2003 and, Gómez-Martín and Medina (2006) displaced, Sv is more accurate than Sp; however, as the damage level increases, profile-based armor damage, Sp, is more reliable (see Vidal et al, 2003).…”

Section: Armor Damage Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Armor damage is usually calculated in terms of unit loss from the armor layer. AUE is the main failure mode used to describe armor erosion, and popular methods for measuring armor damage, such as armor profiling and visual unit counting (see Vidal et al, 2003), calculate AUE assuming constant armor porosity. ALS is usually related with steep slopes and/or insufficient friction with the under-layer.…”

Section: Armor Unit Extraction (Aue) and Armor Layer Sliding (Als) Famentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Gómez-Martín

Medina

2014

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

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This paper describes the Heterogeneous Packing (HeP) failure mode of breakwater armors.HeP reduces the packing density of the armor layer near and above the mean water level (MWL) and increases the packing density below the MWL; armor units can move in the armor layer, although they are not actually extracted from it. When HeP occurs, armor layer porosity is not constant, and measurements obtained with conventional methods underestimate actual armor damage. First, in this paper the Virtual Net (VN) method is proposed to calculate armor damage considering both armor unit extraction (AUE) and HeP.The Cubipod concrete armor unit (CAU) is then described as a solution to the effects of HeP on conventional cubic block armors. The hydraulic stability of cube and Cubipod CAUs was compared in 2D laboratory experiments. Cube and Cubipod armor layers were tested in two wave flumes under non-breaking and non-overtopping conditions. The hydraulic stability was higher for double-layer Cubipod armors than for single-layer Cubipod armors, which had a higher hydraulic stability than conventional double-layer cube armors.2

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Section: Armor Damage Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Armor Unit Extraction (Aue) and Armor Layer Sliding (Als) Famentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units

Gómez-Martín

Medina

2014

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

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“…Van der Meer (1988) summarized and Vidal et al (2003) comparatively studied these methodologies used for damage assessment given in Table 4.…”

Section: Damage Assessment Methodology and Damage Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of rubble mound breakwaters under tsunami attack, a case study: Haydarpasa Port, Istanbul, Turkey

Güler

Arikawa

Oei

et al. 2015

Coastal Engineering

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Ports are one of the most vulnerable coastal utilities in case of marine natural hazards such as tsunamis and need to be protected against their devastating effects. Thus, studying the effects of tsunamis on protective structures such as breakwaters is critical. The Sea of Marmara is a part of an active earthquake zone that has generated tsunamis in the history. In terms of population density, coastal utilization, and economic potential, Marmara coastline seems most vulnerable to marine hazards. The availability of natural stones allows for wide use of rubble mound breakwaters as coastal protective structures in Turkey. The stability of these types of structures under the attack of storm waves has already been studied. However, their stability and performance under the effect of long waves and tsunami attacks have not yet been studied experimentally. The present study is a case study focusing on Haydarpasa Port, located at the southern entrance of Istanbul Bosphorus Strait (North coast of the Sea of Marmara). It aims to investigate the performance level of the port in case of tsunami attack. Physical model experiments were conducted in the 105-m long wave flume in the Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI), Japan, with a Froude-type length scale of 1/30. The experiments conducted to test the stability of rubble mound breakwater were twofold: (i) solitary wave experiments and (ii) tsunami overflow experiments. The heights of incoming tsunami waves were selected from results of simulations were conducted in the same region (Oyo Int. Co., 2007;Ayca, 2012;Yalciner et al., 2014;Guler et al., 2014;Aytore, 2015). First, the incoming solitary wave heights were selected as 5, 7.5, and 10 cm. Using the overflow heights obtained from solitary wave experiments, i.e., wave height at the top of crown wall when the solitary waves are overtopping the crown wall, tsunami overflow experiments were conducted ranging from an overflow height of 1.1 cm to 4.6 cm. Results of these experiments showed that Haydarpasa Breakwater, especially the crown wall of the breakwater, is not stable under a moderate tsunami attack. Therefore, an improved cross section was also tested under the same conditions, and the improvement proved successful.

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“…A comparative analysis of these methods of damage assessment can be seen in Vidal et al (2003). The damage figures presented in this paper are based on method 2.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%