Measurement of atmospheric muon angular distribution using a portable setup of liquid scintillator bars

Abstract

Measurements of cosmogenic particles at various locations and altitudes are becoming increasingly important in view of worldwide interests in rare signals for search of new physics. In this work, we report measurement of muon zenith angle distributions and integrated flux using a portable setup of four one-meter long liquid scintillator bars. Each scintillator bar is read out from both sides via photomultiplier tubes followed by an 8-channel Digitizer. We exploit energy deposition and excellent timing of scintillators to construct two dimensional tracks and hence angles of charged particles. We use liquid scintillators since they have an added advantage of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) which can be used for detecting muon induced particles. The energy deposition, time window of event and PSD cuts are used to reduce the random as well as correlated backgrounds. In addition, we propose three track quality parameters which are applied to obtain a clean muon spectrum. The zenith angle measurement is performed upto 60 • . With our improved analysis, we demonstrate that a setup of 3 bars can also be used for quicker and precise measurements. The vertical muon flux measured is 66.70 ± 0.36 ± 1.50 /m 2 /sr/s with n = 2.10 ± 0.05 ± 0.25 in cos n θ at the location of Mumbai, India (19 • N, 72.9 • E) at Sea level with a muon momentum above 255 MeV/c. The muon flux has dependence on various factors, the most prominents are latitudes, altitudes and momentum cut of muon so that portable setup like this can be a boon for such measurements at various locations.

Inclusive fluxes of secondary air-shower particles

“…Although neutrinos are the most abundant shower particles at the Earth surface, muons are the most abundant charged particles and are responsible for half of the terrestrial radiation dose taken by a body on Earth. Measurements of muon distributions at ground is an active field and the improved theoretical understanding and detection technologies are providing more insights in the particle production in showers [2,3]. LHC is working on a dedicated experiment of proton-oxygen collisions to understand the air shower physics.…”