Measurement of attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of oxides of lanthanides by using simplified ATM-method

Preparation and characterization of transparent magneto‐optical Ho2O3 ceramics

“…After calcination at 1050°C, the precursor completely decomposed into pure cubic‐structured oxide (Figure ) and fully collapsed into uniform spheres with an average particle size of ~48 nm, excluding the Au‐coating layer (~20 nm of particle growth by Au sputtering for electrical conduction). The BET surface area of the Ho 2 O 3 powder calcined at 1050°C was ~15.2 m 2 /g, and the particle size was estimated to be ~47 nm by applying the equation D BET = 6000/( d th × S BET ), where d th is the theoretical density (8.41 g/cm 3 for Ho 2 O 3 ), D BET is the average particle size (nm) and S BET is the specific surface area (m 2 /g), assuming that the particles are ideal solid spheres with smooth surfaces . The size of the well‐dispersed powder calculated by BET method was quite close to the size determined by SEM analysis (Figure A).…”

Determination attenuation coefficient and scattering of gamma ray in tissue-equivalent material

“…The linear attenuation coefficients, mean free path, mass attenuation coefficients and scattering cross section for soft and bone tissue equivalent materials were determined. The results are presented in Table (1) and Table (2). Therefore, organic compound and sodium chloride as tissue equivalent materials can us to studied as alternative material for smooth and hard tissue which utilizes in nuclear medicine and radiotherapy, The difference between mass attenuation coefficient of determination and ICRU-44 values were measured γ-ray energies of standard radionuclide utilized.…”

“…These four specimens were completed in the laboratory. Specimen were indicated and identified as A, B,C and D showed in Figure (1), For soft tissue equivalent A and B specimen, the fundamental materials composition, physical properties and percentage amount of NaCl in A and B specimen is (C31H64NaCl, 0.5 cm, 1.08 g/cm 3 , 25%) respectively. While for bone tissue equivalent C and D specimen, , the fundamental materials composition, physical properties and the ratio of NaCl in C and D specimen is (C31H64NaCl, 0.5 cm, 1.4 g/cm 3 , 40%) respectively.…”

“…The radiation attenuation, which happens usually in the tissues that found between the organs of interest and the detector, which is one of the best important matters in use of γ-rays in nuclear medicine. Consequently, the attenuation coefficients, described as the probability of interaction between the photon and material, in a particular way, the linear attenuation coefficient is given material per unit (cm -1 ), and the related with mass attenuation coefficients ( 𝜇 𝜌 ), are also of excellent importance in matters relating to radiation and its absorption by material such as radiation dosimeter [1]. The procedures of radiological are variation with the transmitted, absorption or scattering from group organs, tissues and bone for radiation beam of incident.…”

Effective atomic numbers and electron densities for some lanthanide oxide compounds using direct method in the energy region of 1 keV - 20 MeV

“…There are a lot studies in literature about Zeffs and Neffs for different materials, in different categories such as in different type of compounds (Shivaramu and V. Ramprasath 2000;Tengku Kamarul Bahr et al 2014;Kurudirek 2014aKurudirek , 2014bGowda et al 2004;Önder et al 2012;Kurudirek and Kurudirek 2015), in alloys (Kurudirek et al 2010;Kaewkhao et al 2008;İçelli et al 2005;Murty 2004;El-Kateb et al 2000), in glass and minerals (Kaewkhao and Limsuwan 2010;Manohara et al 2009;Kirdsiri et al 2009;Singh et al 2002Singh et al , 2005 in biological materials (Manohara et al 2008;Manohara and Hanagodimath 2007;Gowda et al 2005). However, studies about lanthanides on Zeff and Neff are very scarce (İçelli 2006;Singh et al 2015). This motivated us to carry out the present study.…”