Summary:The purpose of this study was two-fold: to describe the quality of life and behavioral adjustment of survivors of pediatric bone marrow transplantation (BMT) prior to and 6 months post-BMT; and, to identify correlates of survivors' quality of life and behavioral adjustment. Participants were 26 children and adolescents who underwent BMT, and their mothers. At pre-and 6 months post BMT, mothers completed standardized measures of their children's behavioral adjustment, quality of life, and adaptive functioning. Self-report questionnaires were completed to determine levels of maternal anxiety and depression, and family functioning. Information was also gathered about demographic variables, medical history, and symptom severity. Children's overall quality of life improved 6 months post BMT and was most strongly associated with pre-BMT levels of family cohesion. Children's behavioral adjustment remained within the normal range across time and was associated with pre-BMT levels of family cohesion and child adaptive functioning. Mothers' psychological adjustment improved over time and was associated with quality of life, but unrelated to children's behavioral adjustment. Pre-BMT levels of family cohesion and child adaptive functioning appear to be important in understanding quality of life and behavioral adjustment of pediatric BMT survivors. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 26, 427-435. Keywords: quality of life; behavioral adjustment; pediatric bone marrow transplantation Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an aggressive medical procedure associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. For children and adolescents with some life-threatening pediatric cancers, blood diseases, and metabolic disorders, BMT may represent the best or the only viable treatment option after disease relapse and failure of more conventional treatments. Although the medical efficacy of BMT has been established for certain populations, research on the quality of life and psychosocial effects of this procedure lags behind. Many children undergoing BMT have already endured years of aggressive treatment for a lifethreatening illness. These children and their families face a future that may vary from a cure and normality to chronic graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and/or even death.1 For children and families over-burdened with a wide range of medical, socio-emotional, and financial stresses related to the illness, BMT may represent a severe additional stressor with profound disruption for the entire family. Thus, BMT places each family member at risk for psychological maladjustment and dramatic decrease in quality of life. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to describe the quality of life and behavioral adjustment of survivors of pediatric BMT prior to and 6 months post BMT; and, to identify correlates of quality of life and behavioral adjustment.The BMT procedure and its immediate and late medical effects inevitably have a significant impact on the psychological well-being and quality of life of the child and family. Studie...