Measurement of building penetration loss and propagation models for radio transmission into buildings

Intelligent Ray-Tracing: an efficient indoor ray propagation model

“…The time is recorded in milliseconds (ms) and it is observed that the proposed IRT algorithm gives higher computational efficiency of about 25.65% and 51.5% in average than the existing RT techniques [1] and [2], respectively. Furthermore, the proposed IRT algorithm has been compared with the ray-launching algorithm [3,4] in terms of signal prediction as shown in Fig. 3 (c).…”

“…In contrast with [1], the smart features of the proposed IRT involve skipping the processing of the unnecessary signals based on the invalid region and reducing the number of objects (obstacles) of the intersection test to make the algorithm faster and accurate in terms of signal prediction. The superiority of the proposed IRT is proved by comparing with other ray propagation models, such as RT [1,2] and ray-launching [3,4]. The design details including the results and analysis of the proposed IRT will be discussed in Sections 2 and 3, respectively.…”

Indoor Coverage Prediction and Optimization for UMTS Macro Cells

“…Beginning with a very simple model from R. Hoppe, presented in [1], we have also been evaluating the model developed by Z. Liu [2] and a further development from that which is described in [3]. Our comparison also includes the results of the Ph.D. thesis of R. Gahleitner [4] and the model created by J.E.…”

“…On the other hand with [6] it is not possible to calculate a mean power for one room like in model [5]. In [7] and [1] only the received power level in the ground floor can be calculated with the outdoor reference values at the ground level.…”

“…In this document we are comparing eight empirical models [1]- [8] and one simulation tool 'Wireless InSite' from REMCOM [9] which is based on a deterministic model (ray tracing). We are evaluating the different models for calculating the received power levels within buildings in UMTS macro cells.…”