Measurement of chlorophylls a and b and bacteriochlorophyll a in organisms from hypereutrophic auxinic waters

Ritchie, Raymond J.

doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1431-4

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The absorbance spectrum (200–800 nm, 1 nm intervals) was measured (UV‐1800; Shidmadzu). Chlorophyll‐ a and bacteriochlorophyll‐ a were determined through the algorithms obtained by Ritchie (2018). Carotenoids were determined following Strickland and Parsons (1972) and Jodłowska and Latała (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Day‐night variation of microbial organic matter use in sediments of a saline shallow lake

et al. 2023

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Knowledge of microbial functioning linked to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in hypersaline lakes is limited. This study aimed to understand this relationship in surface and subsurface sediments and how it is affected by daytime and night‐time variability. A sampling regime, including daytime and night‐time measurements, was designed to record aerobic respiration, extracellular enzyme activity (β‐glucosidase, leu‐aminopeptidase and phosphatase), prokaryotic cell density and viability, content of pigment and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and organic matter weight in the surface and subsurface sediments. The main physicochemical characteristics and optical properties of DOM in the surface and interstitial waters were determined. Larger differences were detected in biofilm microbial activity between surface and subsurface sediments than between day and night, as a result of higher prokaryotic cell density and higher availability of fresh DOM at the surface, possibly released from primary production. Redox conditions, pH and DOM quantity and quality were strongly correlated with enzyme activity and variability in respiration, and might determine (through modifying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability) how microbes use organic compounds differently at the two sediment depths. Low prokaryotic viability indicated that the microbial community was stressed in both surface and subsurface sediments. By contrast, higher EPS and pigment content and lower metabolic efficiency at the surface layer indicated harsher conditions compared to the subsurface layer. Pigment presence and variation in daily oxygen levels in the subsurface layer indicate that the two sediment depths are interconnected. Results suggest that surface and subsurface microbes have a distinct role in hypersaline shallow lake sediment. Microorganisms in surface sediments form a structured mat with high EPS and carotenoids and enhanced carbon metabolism. The mat also serves as a protection shield from light radiation, salinity and desiccation. At the subsurface, the lower availability of fresh organic compounds and oxygen reduces microbial biomass and activity which is, in turn, more efficient and focused on N and P acquisition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Day‐night variation of microbial organic matter use in sediments of a saline shallow lake

et al. 2023

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“…Instrument Co., Beijing, China) at 540 nm and a PinAAcle900F atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA), respectively. Chlorophyll a and b were extracted using a mixture of acetone and ethanol (7:2) to quantify their contents in the algal-bacterial granular sludge [16].…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into the Performance and Self-Defensive Responses of the Algal–Bacterial Granular Sludge Process under Cr(VI)-Induced Stress

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Algal–bacterial granular sludge, a new biological technology, has been widely recognized due to its highly effective pollutant treatment and energy efficiency. This study investigated the effects of environmental concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.5–2.5 mg/L) on the performance of algal–bacterial granular sludge and self-defensive responses after 90 days of cultivation. The results showed that Cr(VI) affected chemical oxygen demand (COD) decrease, ammonia-N and phosphate removal, with different trends being apparent. A linear decline in COD decrease was observed, whereas an initial decrease and then increase in ammonia-N and phosphate removal took place. Algal–bacterial granular sludge effectively removed Cr(VI) from wastewater through biological adsorption and reduction, showing the potential to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater. Cr(VI) affected the community abundance of the algal–bacterial granular sludge, in which Chlorophyceae and cyanobacteria were vulnerable under Cr(VI)-induced stress. To reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI), over-produced EPS-PN and antioxidant enzymes (MDA, SOD and CAT) acted as self-defensive responses to resist oxidative damage. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive environmental sustainability assessment of the algal–bacterial granular sludge process in treating municipal wastewater containing Cr(VI). It is hoped that this study can provide useful information for improved engineering feasibility of algal–bacterial granular sludge.

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“…(29) was used to check for contaminants. For Synechococcus (Chl a ) and the green alga Chlorella (Chl a + b ) and for the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris (BChl a ), a 7:2 Acetone‐Ethanol solvent extract was used and the equations of Ritchie (30). For the unusual cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina (Chl d + a ) and the diatom, Chaetoceros (Chl a + Chl c 1 c 2 ) 90% acetone in water was used as the solvent and the equations of Ritchie (31) but the Chl d formula was corrected for more recent estimates of the extinction co‐efficient for Chl d (32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…850 nm was used as the standard blank for all equations because the more conventional 750 nm blank for chlorophyll solvent extract masks the presence of BChl a and A 750 and A 850 are practically identical for solvent extracts containing no BChl a or in field material where the presence of bacteriochlorophylls may not even be suspected. It is a better choice of blank than the more routinely used 750 nm (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrofluorometric Insights into the Application of PAM Fluorometry in Photosynthetic Research

Sma-Air

Ritchie

2021

Photochem & Photobiology

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Although pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry has revolutionized photosynthetic studies, Photosynthetic Electron Transport Rate (ETR) cannot be measured using PAM technology in some organisms. We compare in vivo absorbance information on a selection of photosynthetic organisms using an integrating sphere spectrophotometry on a variety of oxygenic and nonoxygenic photo‐organisms and provide fluorescence data to help in understanding why PAM technology is unsuccessful on some organisms, particularly cyanobacteria. The study includes anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria: Afifella marina, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Thermochromatium which are all RC‐2 type photosynthetic bacteria (Bacteriochlorophyll a or BChl a) which are known to have measureable delayed fluorescence, Yield and hence measureable ETR. The common unicellular green alga, Chlorella sp (Chl a + b) uses the same primary photosynthetic pigments as vascular plants. Comparisons are made to some other representative oxygenic unicellular organisms: Trebouxia (Chlorophyta, Chl a + b), Chaetoceros (a diatom, Chl a + c1c2) and the unusual cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina which has Chl d + a but uses Chl d as its primary photosynthetic pigment. Synechococcus R‐2 (Cyanobacteria) has only Chl a. Its fluorescence is outside the range normally used for measuring photosynthesis using PAM technology: delayed fluorescence is not readily detectable.

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Measurement of chlorophylls a and b and bacteriochlorophyll a in organisms from hypereutrophic auxinic waters

Cited by 31 publications

References 31 publications

Day‐night variation of microbial organic matter use in sediments of a saline shallow lake

Day‐night variation of microbial organic matter use in sediments of a saline shallow lake

New Insight into the Performance and Self-Defensive Responses of the Algal–Bacterial Granular Sludge Process under Cr(VI)-Induced Stress

Spectrofluorometric Insights into the Application of PAM Fluorometry in Photosynthetic Research

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