Measurement of density and water content of soil using photon multiple scattering

A Novel Technique in Nucleonic Gauging for Density Measurements with Dimensionless Parameters

“…The moments are noted to saturate and droop at the higher density side, indicating that the instrument is usable only within a limited range of density variations. This phenomena is also prevalent in conventional scatter guages since, at larger densities, the probability of scatter photon absorption, increases more rapidly than the probability of scatter generation [19,[35][36][37]. Figure 7 considers the possibility of overcomming this handicap by studying the effect of source to detector distance.…”

Survey of industrial, agricultural, and medical applications of radiometric gauging and process control

“…Fishman et al [ 106 ] describe a soil moisture gamma-ray transmission gauge for use as a control unit for automatic irrigation in a field, also as a scanner for developing regional irrigation plans. A gamma-ray backscattering soil density gauge was demonstrated by Pirie et al [ 107 ], and Ertek and Haselberger [ 108 ] have developed a gamma multiple-scattering gauge for determining both density and water content in soil. For greater sensitivity to the soil moisture content, Ciftcioglu and Taylor [ 109 ] and Ciftcioglu et al [ 110 ] describe a gamma-ray backscatter soil gauge with differential-mode counting.…”