2005
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.06.021
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Measurement of Donnan potentials in gels by in situ microelectrode voltammetry

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Cited by 26 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…It has density %1 kg dm À3 , and a concentration of fixed charge of À79 C kg À1 as verified by conductivity, and in agreement with previous work [19]. The magnitude of the Donnan potential in the gel can be determined by comparing measurements (i) in the absence and presence of a gel layer [20], or (i) with the reference electrode in the gel versus in the solution, or (iii) in the presence and absence of a Donnan potential in the gel layer by suitable adjustment of the ionic strength. After gelation, swelling of agarose gel is negligible (pore size distribution remains approximately constant) as a function of ionic strength [21].…”
Section: Characterisation Of the Gel Propertiessupporting
confidence: 87%
“…It has density %1 kg dm À3 , and a concentration of fixed charge of À79 C kg À1 as verified by conductivity, and in agreement with previous work [19]. The magnitude of the Donnan potential in the gel can be determined by comparing measurements (i) in the absence and presence of a gel layer [20], or (i) with the reference electrode in the gel versus in the solution, or (iii) in the presence and absence of a Donnan potential in the gel layer by suitable adjustment of the ionic strength. After gelation, swelling of agarose gel is negligible (pore size distribution remains approximately constant) as a function of ionic strength [21].…”
Section: Characterisation Of the Gel Propertiessupporting
confidence: 87%
“…The overall diffusive fluxes result both from the self-diffusion of the probes and from any chemical gradients between the biofilm and the external bulk solution. Effects such as probe adsorption will decrease the overall diffusive flux, whereas increases in the local (free) concentration of the probes resulting from the negative Donnan potential of the biofilm should have the opposite effect (5,8). Future experiments measuring overall diffusive fluxes would be highly desirable in this context.…”
Section: Influences Of Ionic Strength On Diffusion In the Biofilmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This effect is well known in gels where the enrichment in free metal ion concentration in the gel regarding the bulk solution is given by a Boltzmann equation of the type (Davis et al 2005):…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ψ D is the Donnan potential resulting from the fixed charged groups in the gel layer, F is the Faraday constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. Since the potential in the gel is directly related with the ionic strength in solution this effect is correspondingly larger for lower ionic strengths and negligible at high ionic strengths, whereas due to the ion charge dependence this effect is significantly larger for divalent and trivalent ions than for monovalent ones (Davis et al 2005(Davis et al , 2008. These points elucidate not only the tremendous potential that the polymer layer may have to bind metal ions but also their variability depending on their respective charge densities and the presence or absence of specific binding sites for the metal ions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%