Measurement of dopamine D2-like receptors in postmortem CNS and pituitary: differential regional changes in schizophrenia

Dean, Brian; Pavey, Geoffrey; Scarr, Elizabeth; Goeringer, Kabrena E.; Copolov, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2003.11.004

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In the present study, the expression of D 2 -like receptors was not significantly altered (protein content and mRNA amount) in the prefrontal cortex of drug-free or antipsychotic-treated subjects with schizophrenia. The use of human antibodies to evaluate D 2 receptors in schizophrenia has been more restrained compared to radioligand binding studies, but the immunodensity of D 2 -like receptors is also unchanged in striatal tissue of subjects with schizophrenia (Dean et al 2004), a negative finding in line with the present results. Focal decreases restricted to D 3 and D 4 but not D 2 receptor mRNA expression have also been described in the orbitofrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia (Meador-Woodruff et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunodensity and mRNA expression of A2A adenosine, D2 dopamine, and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of antipsychotic treatment

et al. 2009

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The findings suggest that antipsychotics induce down-regulation of CB1 receptors in brain. Since A2A, D2, and CB1 receptors coexpress on brain GABAergic neurons and reductions in markers of GABA neurotransmission have been identified in schizophrenia, a lower density of CB1 receptor induced by antipsychotics could represent an adaptative mechanism that reduces the endocannabinoid-mediated suppression of GABA release, contributing to the normalization of cognitive functions in the disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunodensity and mRNA expression of A2A adenosine, D2 dopamine, and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of antipsychotic treatment

et al. 2009

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“…However, it needs to be emphasized that the findings of striatal D2R alterations in schizophrenia remain highly controversial. Indeed, in contrast to studies reporting decreased receptor binding of DA D2-like receptors in the striatum (Reynolds et al 1980;Mackay et al 1982;Dean et al 2004), several studies found an increase (e.g., Crawley et al 1986;Wong et al 1986) or no changes (Farde et al 1990;Martinot et al 1990) in D2R binding in the striatum of patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls (for a recent review, see Howes et al 2007). …”

Section: Prenatal Infection: An Environmental Link To Long-term Abnormentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, there is evidence from brain imaging studies that prefrontal D1Rs are reduced at least in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients, especially in those with marked negative symptoms (Okubo et al 1997a, b; but see also Abi-Dargham et al 2002, AbiDargham andMoore 2003). In addition, some studies demonstrate that receptor binding of DA D2-like receptors is decreased in the striatum of drug-free schizophrenic patients (Reynolds et al 1980;Mackay et al 1982;Dean et al 2004). However, it needs to be emphasized that the findings of striatal D2R alterations in schizophrenia remain highly controversial.…”

Section: Prenatal Infection: An Environmental Link To Long-term Abnormentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to infection: a primary mechanism for abnormal dopaminergic development in schizophrenia

Meyer

Feldon

2009

Psychopharmacology

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Dopaminergic mal-development in general, and following prenatal immune activation in particular, may represent a primary etiopathological mechanism in the development of schizophrenia and related disorders. This hypothesis differs from the view that dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia may be secondary to abnormalities in other brain structures and/or neurotransmitter systems. The existence of primary dopaminergic mechanisms may have important implications for the identification and early treatment of individuals prodromally symptomatic for schizophrenia.

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“…However, the data from studies on the levels of D2-like receptors are highly variable, with reports of increases (Lee et al, 1978; Mackay et al, 1982), decreases (Dean et al, 2004) and no change (Reynolds et al, 1981). To further complicate matters, the changes appear to be region specific (Dean et al, 2004) and it is possible that antipsychotic drugs may affect the outcomes (Mackay et al, 1980), although there is debate about this point (Mita et al, 1986).…”

Section: Interactions With Other Projection Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic connectivity: it's implications for psychiatric disorders

Scarr

Gibbons

Neo

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Acetylcholine has been implicated in both the pathophysiology and treatment of a number of psychiatric disorders, with most of the data related to its role and therapeutic potential focusing on schizophrenia. However, there is little thought given to the consequences of the documented changes in the cholinergic system and how they may affect the functioning of the brain. This review looks at the cholinergic system and its interactions with the intrinsic neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid as well as those with the projection neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders; dopamine and serotonin. In addition, with the recent focus on the role of factors normally associated with inflammation in the pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders, links between the cholinergic system and these factors will also be examined. These interfaces are put into context, primarily for schizophrenia, by looking at the changes in each of these systems in the disorder and exploring, theoretically, whether the changes are interconnected with those seen in the cholinergic system. Thus, this review will provide a comprehensive overview of the connectivity between the cholinergic system and some of the major areas of research into the pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders, resulting in a critical appraisal of the potential outcomes of a dysregulated central cholinergic system.

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Measurement of dopamine D2-like receptors in postmortem CNS and pituitary: differential regional changes in schizophrenia

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Immunodensity and mRNA expression of A2A adenosine, D2 dopamine, and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of antipsychotic treatment

Immunodensity and mRNA expression of A2A adenosine, D2 dopamine, and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of antipsychotic treatment

Prenatal exposure to infection: a primary mechanism for abnormal dopaminergic development in schizophrenia

Cholinergic connectivity: it's implications for psychiatric disorders

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