Measurement of faecal corticoid metabolites in domestic dogs

Farca, Alexandru; Cavana, Paola; Badino, P.; Barbero, Raffaella; Odore, R.; Pollicino, Paolo

doi:10.1024/0036-7281.148.12.649

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Canine fecal corticoid metabolites have been shown to peak 24 hours after admittance to a kennel, followed by a gradual decline. 26 Numerous studies have linked the presence of stress to the induction of immunodeficiency and resulting vulnerability to various infectious diseases. Studies in multiple species indicate that chronic stress has a deleterious effect on both cellmediated and humoral immunity.…”

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Pesavento

Murphy

2013

Vet Pathol

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The beneficial role that animal shelters play is unquestionable. An estimated 3 to 4 million animals are cared for or placed in homes each year, and most shelters promote public health and support responsible pet ownership. It is, nonetheless, inevitable that shelters are prime examples of anthropogenic biological instability: even well-run shelters often house transient, displaced, and mixed populations of animals. Many of these animals have received minimal to no prior health care, and some have a history of scavenging or predation to survive. Overcrowding and poor shelter conditions further magnify these inherent risks to create individual, intraspecies, and interspecies stress and provide an environment conducive to exposure to numerous potentially collaborative pathogens. All of these factors can contribute to the evolution and emergence of new pathogens or to alterations in virulence of endemic pathogens. While it is not possible to effectively anticipate the timing or the pathogen type in emergence events, their sites of origin are less enigmatic, and pathologists and diagnosticians who work with sheltered animal populations have recognized several such events in the past decade. This article first considers the contribution of the shelter environment to canine and feline disease. This is followed by summaries of recent research on the pathogenesis of common shelter pathogens, as well as research that has led to the discovery of novel or emerging diseases and the methods that are used for their diagnosis and discovery. For the infectious agents that commonly affect sheltered dogs and cats, including canine distemper virus, canine influenza virus, Streptococcus spp, parvoviruses, feline herpesvirus, feline caliciviruses, and feline infectious peritonitis virus, we present familiar as well as newly recognized lesions associated with infection. Preliminary studies on recently discovered viruses like canine circovirus, canine bocavirus, and feline norovirus indicate that these pathogens can cause or contribute to canine and feline disease.

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Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Pesavento

Murphy

2013

Vet Pathol

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“…Aggressive dogs are well known to possess higher blood concentrations of cortisol and lower serotonin levels than non-aggressive dogs [20]. However, fecal cortisol levels are not influenced by the activation of HPA axis during the sampling procedure, which is itself stressful for the animal [34]. This can possibly explain the differences in the observed cortisol levels between studies carried out in blood or fecal samples, Testosterone is often correlate with aggressive behaviors in many species [35], but this association is not completely demonstrated in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome structure and adrenocortical activity in dogs with aggressive and phobic behavioral disorders

Mondo

Barone

Soverini

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27Accompanying human beings since the Paleolithic period, dogs has been recently regarded as a 28 reliable model for the study of the gut microbiome connections with health and disease. In order to 29 provide some glimpses on the connections between the gut microbiome layout and host behavior, 30 we profiled the phylogenetic composition and structure of the canine gut microbiome of dogs with 31 aggressive (n = 17), phobic (n = 15) and normal behavior (n = 17). According to our findings, 32 aggressive behavioral disorder was found to be characterized by a peculiar gut microbiome 33 structure, with high biodiversity and enrichment in generally subdominant bacterial genera. On the 34 other hand, phobic dogs were enriched in Lactobacillus, a bacterial genus with known probiotic and 35 psychobiotic properties. Although further studies are needed to validate our findings, our work 36 supports the intriguing opportunity that different behavioral phenotypes in dogs may be associated 37 with peculiar gut microbiome layouts, suggesting possible connections between the gut microbiome 38 and the central nervous system and indicating the possible adoption of probiotic interventions aimed 39 at restoring a balanced host-symbiont interplay for mitigating behavioral disorders. 40 41 42 Keywords: microbiome, behavioral disorders, aggressive dogs, phobic dogs, hormones, HPA-axis 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Descending from the gray wolf (Canis lupus), dogs were domesticated during the Paleolithic 53 period, accompanying humans across the transition from hunting-gathering to rural agriculture of 54 the Neolithic, to post-industrialized Western lifestyle [1-3]. The frequent sharing of food resources 55with human beings has been a selective force able to drive changes in the digestive and metabolic 56 system of dogs, enabling them to efficiently adapt to a more starch-enriched diet compared to their 57 wild ancestor, and ultimately influence canine behavior [4,5]. The canine gastrointestinal tract 58 harbors a complex and highly biodiverse microbial ecosystem, whose predominant taxa resemble 59 those typically found in the gut of other omnivorous mammals. However, in comparison to both 60 mice and pigs, the canine gut microbiome (GM) result the most similar to humans [6,7]. Thus, in 61 dogs, the GM-host mutualistic exchange well approximate what has been observed in humans [8-62 11]. Indeed, the peculiar patterns of dysbiosis observed in dogs with IBD are generally comparable 63 to variations typically found in humans, suggesting that bacterial responses to inflammatory 64 conditions are conserved among the two [12,13]. As observed in humans, the eubiotic and stable 65 configuration of the canine GM is therefore of fundamental importance for the maintenance of a 66 homeostatic gut environment and of the overall host health. 67Several recent studies have shown the ability of the mammalian GM to communicate with the host 68 central nervous system (CNS) through several parallel channels, involving the vagus nerve, 69 neuroimmune and ...

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“…Some animals adapt quietly to the journey, but others may display problems. Transport has been shown to be stressful for some dogs (Beerda and others 1997, Farca and others 2006, Cannas and others 2010). They may be phobic about the object ‘car’ (Gaultier and Pageat 2003) and they may be anxious about a forthcoming journey (Benchaoui and others 2007) because of fearful factors related to the transport itself, such as strange noises, unusual balance, extreme space reduction and climatic stress (Wöhr and Erhard 2004) or to negative associations with the destination (Pierantoni and others 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of travel‐related problems in dogs

Mariti¹,

Ricci²,

Mengoli³

et al. 2012

Veterinary Record

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The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the kind of transport dogs undergo, the behaviours displayed during transport, the prevalence of travel-related problems in dogs and owners' interventions to solve these problems. A convenience sample of 907 dog owners completed a questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions. All dogs had been transported by car at least once, but 4.7 per cent were no longer transported. 76.2 per cent of animals always responded positively to car transport, the rest showing or having shown problems (6.7 per cent always reacted negatively). Dogs were found to be more excited than inhibited during car transport. The vast majority (86.0 per cent) had become used to travelling by car as puppies; this made them less likely to develop problems (6.3 per cent v 24.1 per cent; χ(2)=19.886, P=0.000). If dogs were transported only to veterinary clinics, they were more prone to respond negatively to car transport (46.4 per cent v 22.7 per cent; χ(2)=7.245, P=0.007). For dogs reported as problematic (23.8 per cent of the sample), 96.3 per cent of the owners did not administer any treatments or other substances, 48.7 per cent did not seek any advice, and 40.4 per cent of them made attempts to solve the problem by themselves

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Measurement of faecal corticoid metabolites in domestic dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Common and Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Animal Shelter

Gut microbiome structure and adrenocortical activity in dogs with aggressive and phobic behavioral disorders

Survey of travel‐related problems in dogs

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