Measurement of fall-related psychological constructs among independent-living older adults: A review of the research literature

Moore, Delilah S.; Ellis, Rebecca

doi:10.1080/13607860802148855

Cited by 122 publications

(175 citation statements)

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“…18 The ABC-scale, however, is by far the most widely used measure to assess balance confidence. 19 This scale was developed to assess balance confidence in high functioning older adults. 11 It is a 16-item scale requiring respondents to self-rate their balance confidence from 0% to 100% in performing activities of daily living (see table 4 for the ABC-scale items).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Further, the evidence supported the scale's construct validity in the form of hypothesized relationships. 21 Despite positive psychometric evidence supporting the use of the ABC-scale, further evaluation of the scale's measurement properties is necessary, 19,28 and for several reasons this is especially true among individuals aging with a lower-limb amputation. First, the properties of the ABC-scale have only been established in a sample of individuals with a lower-limb amputation who were 20 years of age and older.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rasch Analyses of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale With Individuals 50 Years and Older With Lower-Limb Amputations

Sakakibara

Miller

Backman

2011

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Objective-To explore shortened response formats for use with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale and then: 1) evaluate the unidimensionality of the scale; 2) evaluate the item difficulty; 3) evaluate the scale for redundancy and content gaps; and 4) evaluate the item standard error of measurement (SEM) and internal consistency reliability among aging individuals (≥50 years) with a lower-limb amputation living in the community.Design-Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey and chart review data.Setting-Out-patient amputee clinics, Ontario, Canada.Participants-Four hundred forty eight community living adults, at least 50 years old (mean = 68 years), who have used a prosthesis for at least 6 months for a major unilateral lower limb amputation. Three hundred twenty five (72.5%) were men. Intervention-N/aMain Outcome Measure(s)-Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale.Results-A 5-option response format outperformed 4-and 6-option formats. Factor analyses confirmed a unidimensional scale. The distance between response options is not the same for all items on the scale, evident by the Partial Credit Model (PCM) having a better fit to the data than the Rating Scale Model. Two items, however, did not fit the PCM within statistical reason. Revising the wording of the two items may resolve the misfit, and improve the construct validity Corresponding author: Dr. William C Miller, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, T325-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Tel work: 604-714-4108, Fax: 604-714-4168, bcmiller@telus.net. We certify that no party having a direct interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit on us or on any organization with which we are associated AND, if applicable, we certify that all financial and material support for this research (eg, NIH or NHS grants) and work are clearly identified in the title page of the manuscript.The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s). CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscriptand lower the SEM. Overall, the difficulty of the scale's items is appropriate for use with aging individuals with lower-limb amputation, and is most reliable (Cronbach ∝ = 0.94) for use with individuals with moderately low balance confidence levels.Conclusions-The ABC-scale with a simplified 5-option response format is a valid and reliable measure of balance confidence for use with individuals aging with a lower limb amputation. KeywordsAging; amputation; self-efficacy; rehabilitation; psychometrics; postural balanceFalling and the consequences of falling are important health issues for older individuals with a lower limb amputation. In Canada, the prevalence of falling among community dwelling individuals with a lower-limb amputation is reported to be as high as 52%. 1 Further, the annual incidence of falling among older adults (≥65 years) living in the community is commonly reported to be around 30% to ...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Rasch Analyses of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale With Individuals 50 Years and Older With Lower-Limb Amputations

Sakakibara

Miller

Backman

2011

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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“…15,16 The task of quantifying the effect of fear of falling on independence is not as straightforward as measuring the direct physical and socioeconomic consequences of falls. 17 However, there is growing evidence that fear of falling significantly contributes to activity restriction among older people, which in turn leads to greater disability and loss of independence. 16 Fear of falling has been associated with lower activities of daily living scores, 18 slower gait, 19 use of a walking aid, 19 emotional depression, 18,19 and poor health status.…”

Section: Fear Of Fallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining independence after a fall

Spinks

Wasiak

2009

Rev. Clin. Gerontol.

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SummaryFalls have a significant impact upon independent living ability in older people, with fall-related fractures one of the leading predictors of having to move into assisted living facilities. The loss of independence associated with a severe fall is often accompanied by a decline in physical, social, emotional and economic well-being. Rehabilitation programmes to restore functional ability following a fall have a greater chance of success if they adopt a multi-disciplinary approach and, if appropriate, are conducted in the patient's own home. Additional multi-component interventions that improve confidence and reduce the risk of subsequent falls may confer benefits by assisting individuals independently to perform activities of daily living.

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“…The author of the original version of SCI-FCS was contacted by email, and the conversation with her was incorporated into the expert group's discussions. The concept of "pushing wheelchair" (items [11][12][13][14] in the original version was discussed since some people occasionally propel the wheelchair themselves; other individuals are sometimes pushed by an assistant. Another group of wheelchair users alternates between using manual and electric wheelchairs.…”

Section: Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SCI-FCS is based on the Falls Efficacy Scale -International (FES-I), 12 which is considered to be the gold standard for assessing fall-related psychological issues in the elderly ambulatory population. 13 Although not stated by the original authors, it is reasonable to assume that the SCI-FCS operationalizes the same construct as the FES-I, ie, a concern about falling while performing specific daily activities. According to Boswell-Ruys et al, 6 the SCI-FCS can be used as a screening tool for fall concerns in people with SCI in both research and clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test-retest reliability at the item level and total score level of the Norwegian version of the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS)

Roaldsen

Måøy

Jørgensen

et al. 2015

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Objectives: Translation of the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS), and investigation of test-retest reliability on item-level and total-score-level. Design: Translation, adaptation and test-retest study. Setting: A specialized rehabilitation setting in Norway. Participants: Fifty-four wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury. The median age of the cohort was 49 years, and the median number of years after injury was 13. Interventions/measurements: The SCI-FCS was translated and back-translated according to guidelines. Individuals answered the SCI-FCS twice over the course of one week. We investigated item-level test-retest reliability using Svensson's rank-based statistical method for disagreement analysis of paired ordinal data. For relative reliability, we analyzed the total-score-level test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2.1 ), the standard error of measurement (SEM), and the smallest detectable change (SDC) for absolute reliability/measurement-error assessment and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Results: All items showed satisfactory percentage agreement (≥69%) between test and retest. There were small but non-negligible systematic disagreements among three items; we recovered an 11-13% higher chance for a lower second score. There was no disagreement due to random variance. The test-retest agreement (ICC 2.1 ) was excellent (0.83). The SEM was 2.6 (12%), and the SDC was 7.1 (32%). The Cronbach's alpha was high (0.88). Conclusion: The Norwegian SCI-FCS is highly reliable for wheelchair users with chronic spinal cord injuries.

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Measurement of fall-related psychological constructs among independent-living older adults: A review of the research literature

Abstract: Fall-related psychological constructs, although similar in nature, are unique constructs and should be measured as such.

Cited by 122 publications

References 50 publications

Rasch Analyses of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale With Individuals 50 Years and Older With Lower-Limb Amputations

Rasch Analyses of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale With Individuals 50 Years and Older With Lower-Limb Amputations

Maintaining independence after a fall

Test-retest reliability at the item level and total score level of the Norwegian version of the Spinal Cord Injury Falls Concern Scale (SCI-FCS)

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