Measurement of field-dependence elastic modulus and magnetomechanical coupling factor by optical heterodyne interferometry

Influence of internal stresses on field-dependent elastic modulus and damping in pure nickel

“…Basically, we can highlight the vibrating reed method [17,18] and the resonance-antiresonance method [19], both of them compared by Barandiará n et al [20] and Malkinski [21], respectively. Chicharro et al in [22][23][24] also developed a method for testing both effects by means of heterodyne-speckle interferometry, but it has significant drawbacks such as the fact that it is unsensitive to stress-dependence and that it shows low resolution and accuracy. In view of these limitations, a very recent experimental system based on laser Doppler vibrometry and developed by Morales et al [12] turns out to be the most suitable method for measuring DE-and DC-effects: not only is it able to measure both effects simultaneously and accurately, but it also allows us to easily obtain stress-dependence and path-dependence.…”

Field-dependent elastic modulus and damping in pure iron, nickel and cobalt

“…There are also experimental systems which study magnetomechanical damping but they are usually centred in stress-dependence results, such us Adams's works [18][19][20]. Chicharro and Bayó n in [21][22][23] also developed a method for testing both effects, making the sample vibrate freely and measuring its temporal response by heterodyne-speckle interferometry. Nevertheless, this last experimental system is unsensitive to stress-dependence and shows low resolution curves.…”

“…However, these comparisons must be carried out carefully since little variations in characteristics such as material composition, manufacture process, heat treatment, stress or temperature, among others, may lead to high differences in measurements [18,26,27]. Starting with Young's modulus, we can use as reference two main works: [28], which gathers measurements from many other researchers, and [21], which is specially convenient since it provides results for nickel specimens from the same molten material and manufacturing process. Thus, on the one hand, we can find in [28] estimations of elastic modulus between 190 and 210 GPa at demagnetized state and between 215 and 230 GPa at saturation state, these intervals being in accordance with our results; on the other hand, in [23] we find results in even better agreement with ours, with estimations around 213.0 and 218.3 GPa at demagnetized and saturation states, respectively, which perfectly match our measurements for the magnetization curve denoted by M þ r ÀM þ s .…”

Axial Vibration of Embedded Nanorods Under Transverse Magnetic Field Effects via Nonlocal Elastic Continuum Theory

“…[14][15][16][17] Experiments for macroscopic rods have been carried out to determine the relation for Young's modulus in a changing magnetic field. 15 Consequences of magnetostriction in ferromagnetic rods are the magnetic field-dependence of the elastic modulus and coupling of the magnetic and elastic energies. A fundamental relation between these two effects can be given by…”

“…The effect of a magnetic field on Young's modulus has been demonstrated experimentally through axial vibrations of a macroscopic ferritic steel rod in a magnetic field. 14 Studying the axial vibration of nickel rods using optical heterodyne interferometry, Chicharro et al 15 determined the change in elastic modulus with the applied magnetic field and the magnetoelastic coupling coefficient. The same group 16 further studied the magnetic field dependence of nickel materials and how damping affects the Young's modulus, through studying free and forced axial vibrations of a slender rod using optical heterodyne interferometry.…”