Measurement of field emission current variations caused by an amplitude modulated laser

Brugat, M.; Mousa, Marwan S.; Sheshin, E.P.; Hagmann, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(01)01870-6

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Conducted experiments and simulations had shown that optical heterodyning (i.e., photomixing) in laser-assisted field emission could be utilized as a new multi-octave bandwidth terahertz or microwave source [7,12,13,25].…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes -Based Field Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Bijective Processing of Regular Nano Systolic Grids via Carbon Field Emission Controlled - Switching

A.N¹,

M.S²,

R.F³

et al. 2016

IJCSIT

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New implementations for parallel processing applications using reversible systolic networks and the corresponding nano and field-emission controlled-switching components is introduced. The extensions of implementations to many-valued field-emission systolic networks using the introduced reversible systolic architectures are also presented. The developed implementations are performed in the reversible domain to perform the required parallel computing. The introduced systolic systems utilize recent findings in field emission and nano applications to implement the function of the basic reversible systolic network using nano controlled-switching. This includes many-valued systolic computing via carbon nanotubes and carbon field-emission techniques. The presented realization of reversible circuits can be important for several reasons including the reduction of power consumption, which is an important specification for the system design in several future and emerging technologies, and also achieving high performance realizations. The introduced implementations for non-classical systolic computation are new and interesting for the design within modern technologies that require optimal design specifications of high speed, minimum power and minimum size, which includes applications in adiabatic low-power signal processing.

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Section: Carbon Nanotubes -Based Field Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Bijective Processing of Regular Nano Systolic Grids via Carbon Field Emission Controlled - Switching

A.N¹,

M.S²,

R.F³

et al. 2016

IJCSIT

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“…This result and the value of 91 nm for the effective radius of curvature of the emitter in the Leybold tube were in reasonable agreement with the radius of 100-200 nm which was specified by Leybold. Recently conducted simulations and experiments had shown that photomixing (i.e., optical heterodyning) in laser-assisted field emission could be used as a new microwave or terahertz (THz) source with a multi-octave bandwidth (Alonso and Hagmann, 2001;Brugat et al, 2002;Burke, 2002;Hommelhoff et al, 2006). The field emitter tip used is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident optical radiation, so quasi-static conditions require that the electric field of the radiation is superimposed on the applied static field to modulate the height of the energy barrier.…”

Section: Cnts-based Field Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

Al‐Rabadi

2016

IJICC

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to introduce new implementations for parallel processing applications using bijective systolic networks and the corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching. The developed implementations are performed in the reversible domain to perform the required bijective parallel computing, where the implementations for parallel computations that utilize the presented field-emission controlled switching and their corresponding m-ary (many-valued) extensions for the use in nano systolic networks are introduced. The first part of the paper presents important fundamentals with regards to systolic computing and carbon-based field emission that will be utilized in the implementations within the second part of the paper. Design/methodology/approach -The introduced systolic systems utilize recent findings in field emission and nano applications to implement the functionality of the basic bijective systolic network. This includes many-valued systolic computing via field emission techniques using carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips. The realization of bijective logic circuits in current and emerging technologies can be very important for various reasons. The reduction of power consumption is a major requirement for the circuit design in future technologies, and thus, the new nano systolic circuits can play an important role in the design of circuits that consume minimal power for future applications such as in low-power signal processing. In addition, the implemented bijective systems can be utilized to implement massive parallel processing and thus obtaining very high processing performance, where the implementation will also utilize the significant size reduction within the nano domain. The extensions of implementations to field emission-based many-valued systolic networks using the introduced bijective nano systolic architectures are also presented. Findings -Novel bijective systolic architectures using nano-based field emission implementations are introduced in this paper, and the implementation using the general scheme of many-valued computing is presented. The carbon-based field emission implementation of nano systolic networks is also introduced. This is accomplished using the introduced field emission carbon-based devices, where field emission from carbon nanotubes and nano-apex carbon fibers is utilized. The implementations of the many-valued bijective systolic networks utilizing the introduced nano-based architectures are also presented. Originality/value -The introduced bijective systolic implementations form new important directions in the systolic realizations using the newly emerging nano-based technologies. The 2-to-1 multiplexer is a basic building block in "switch logic," where in switch logic, a logic circuit is realized as a combination of switches rather than a combination of logic gates as in the gate logic, which proves to be less costly in synthesizing multiplexer-based wide variety of modern circuits and systems since nano implementations exist in very c...

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“…These measurements have been made using field emitter tips of tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium carbide, carbon fiber, and other materials 21 . For example, measurements were made using a sealed field emission tube (Leybold AG model 55460), having a tungsten tip 22 T im e , fs D i s t a n c e , n m k , and the DC field emission current I 0 = 8 A. It was found that the measured voltage was reduced in magnitude as the modulation frequency was increased, in a manner consistent with a single-pole low-pass filter having a time constant of 35 s. This may be understood because the anode presents a shunting capacitance, and the time constant suggests that the effective value for this capacitance is 150 pF.…”

Section: Experimental Data Supporting the Analysis But Showing Diffimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast optoelectronic devices using laser-assisted field emission

Hagmann¹

2004

Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors and Nanostructure Materials VIII

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Field emission, quantum tunneling from the clean surface of a nanoscale conductor tip in vacuum, is an extremely fast process, where the instantaneous value of the current responds to the intense applied electric field with a delay of less than 2 fs. The cause for this intrinsic delay is shown to be the traversal time for quantum tunneling. Because the tip is much smaller than optical wavelengths, quasistatic conditions require that the potential of the tip must follow the instantaneous electric field in the imposed optical radiation. There is a resonance that is caused by virtual photon processes in which the electrons absorb single quanta from the radiation field while they are tunneling, to be promoted to energies where the wave function is reinforced by reflections at the classical turning points. Numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation show that the transient response to pulsed radiation consists of beating of the radiation with this resonance, and is intensified by the resonance. Experiments show that when a field emission tube is used as a two-terminal device, by placing the load in the external bias circuit, the response to a pulsed laser is delayed by a time constant equal to the product of the load resistance and the electrode capacitance, typically 10-100 s. Thus, other means for coupling are recommended, including propagation as surface waves on an extended tip and radiation from antennas formed on the tip, and these methods have been tested with microwave prototypes. Ultimately miniature multifunction devices could be built to implement this new technology because nanoscale field emission tubes are now available, and field emitter arrays with 10 10 tips/cm 2 are used in flat panel displays.

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Measurement of field emission current variations caused by an amplitude modulated laser

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Parallel Bijective Processing of Regular Nano Systolic Grids via Carbon Field Emission Controlled - Switching

Parallel Bijective Processing of Regular Nano Systolic Grids via Carbon Field Emission Controlled - Switching

Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics

Ultrafast optoelectronic devices using laser-assisted field emission

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