Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by micropyrolysis gas chromatography

McMahon, Kathleen E.; Farrell, Philip M.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(85)90267-0

Cited by 73 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Timing of maternal samples differed from 16 wk of GA to delivery. Maternal choline, betaine, and DMG concentrations described in the literature are comparable with our results (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).Several studies concerning umbilical choline concentrations have been performed (8,15,(20)(21)(22)(23). They are small (8,20,22,23), did not involve maternal and umbilical data (8), or did not evaluate the possible association between birth weight and choline concentrations (8,15,(21)(22)(23).…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…Choline and betaine have been shown to have divergent associations with BMI in adults; by contrast, they have a similar direction of association in our study. Maternal choline concentrations during pregnancy varying between 7.3 and 16.5 µmol/l have been reported by several authors (8,14,15,18,(20)(21)(22). Timing of maternal samples differed from 16 wk of GA to delivery.…”

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Several studies concerning umbilical choline concentrations have been performed (8,15,(20)(21)(22)(23). They are small (8,20,22,23), did not involve maternal and umbilical data (8), or did not evaluate the possible association between birth weight and choline concentrations (8,15,(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulation of choline in the fetal circulation has been observed by several authors (8,(14)(15)(16). The placenta itself is a major site for choline consumption and metabolism (7,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In utero, the fetus lives in a high-choline environment because of a system actively transporting choline against a concentration gradient across the placenta to the fetus (7,8). Variation in maternal choline status could possibly influence fetal outcome through disturbances in cell membrane synthesis, increase in homocysteine concentrations, and/or perturbation of methylation reactions and changes in acetylcholine production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

et al. 2013

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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the newborn and risk of chronic disease in adulthood. Choline plays an essential role in the integrity of cell membranes, methylation reactions, and memory development. We examined whether choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) concentrations were associated with LBW in Dutch women. Methods: Blood was sampled from umbilical cords (UCs) at delivery in singleton pregnancies (n = 1,126). Maternal blood was sampled at 30-34 wk of gestational age (GA) (n = 366). We calculated birth weights standardized for GA and defined LBW as standardized birth weight ≤2,500 g. results: Maternal concentrations were lower as compared with UC concentrations and were not associated with birth weight. UC choline and betaine were inversely associated with birth weight (β = −60 (−89, −31) and β = −65 (−94, −36), respectively), whereas UC DMG was positively associated with birth weight (β = 35 (6.1, 63)). Odds ratios for LBW were 4.12 (1.15, 14.78), 5.68 (1.24, 25.91), and 0.48 (0.09, 2.65) for the highest UC choline, betaine, and DMG quartiles, respectively, as compared with the lowest quartiles. conclusion: We observed an increased risk of LBW with increased umbilical choline and betaine in venous UC blood. These results might reflect a change in choline consumption or metabolism or a disturbed placental function. l ow birth weight (LBW) poses the newborn an increased risk of morbidity and mortality (1). LBW also relates to an increased risk of chronic disease in adulthood, e.g., hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes (2), underlining the importance of revealing possible and moreover treatable risk factors for LBW.Choline is an essential nutrient and is involved in several metabolic processes including lipid metabolism, methylation reactions, and synthesis of acetylcholine. It also plays a role in the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes, brain development, and neurotransmission (Figure 1) (3,4).Pregnancy places a heavy burden on maternal choline stores, and choline is critical for the rapidly growing fetus (5,6).In utero, the fetus lives in a high-choline environment because of a system actively transporting choline against a concentration gradient across the placenta to the fetus (7,8). Variation in maternal choline status could possibly influence fetal outcome through disturbances in cell membrane synthesis, increase in homocysteine concentrations, and/or perturbation of methylation reactions and changes in acetylcholine production. Choline also influences stem cell proliferation, apoptosis in the brain, and the developing hippocampus (memory center) in rodents (9). Maternal choline supplementation in rats during critical periods in pregnancy causes lifelong changes in brain structure (10). In addition, perinatal choline supplementation attenuates behavioral alterations associated with fetal or neonatal alcohol exposure in rats (11).Clinically, low maternal choline concentrations or intake rel...

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulation of choline in the fetal circulation has been observed by several authors (8,(14)(15)(16). The placenta itself is a major site for choline consumption and metabolism (7,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

et al. 2013

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³¹P NMR studies of cultured human tumor cells. Influence of ph on phospholipid metabolite levels and the detection of cytidine 5′‐diphosphate choline

et al. 1990

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202 MHz 31P NMR (11.7 T) was used to study the effects of culture medium pH on the levels of phosphate metabolites in three human tumor cell lines (XP29MAmal, a malignant xeroderma pigmentosum; CX-1, a colon carcinoma; KB, a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity). Cells were cultured in Roux flasks in HAM's F-12 medium, and the pH was varied with the final medium change. After harvesting, 1-5 x 10(8) cells were suspended in Ringer/HEPES buffer at pH 7.4 and 4 degrees C for 31P NMR studies. Cell adhesion and growth rate decreased with decreasing pH, but, down to ca pH 6.1, trypan blue exclusion and the observed levels of nucleoside di- and triphosphates (range: 22-37% of total phosphates detected), phosphocreatine (PCr, 2-5%) and Pi (5-11%) did not vary significantly with pH. For XP29MAmal cells in exponential growth phosphocholine levels decreased from 18-28% at pH 7.0 to ca 5% at pH 6.0, while phosphoethanolamine levels increased from 2-7% to 15%. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) levels increased from ca 7% at pH 7.2 to 13% at pH 6.3. At pH less than 6.3 cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP) choline became detectable (8-16%, delta p:P alpha = -8.13 ppm, P beta = 8.93 ppm, for PCr = 0 ppm). However, confluent cells did not accumulate CDP-choline when the pH was lowered. The cell lines CX-1 and KB also showed the pH effects described herein.

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An isotope dilution capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations in human plasma

et al. 2016

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Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine provide valuable information on the flow of methyl groups in key biological processes, particularly during folate deficiency states. We developed a new method to simultaneously measure these analytes in human plasma. Following sample deproteinization using acetonitrile, an aliquot was evaporated to dryness under vacuum to be then taken up by water. Finally, analytes were separated by capillary electrophoresis and detected by electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, in multiple reaction monitoring mode, using two stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Linearity of the calibration curves of each analyte was good (R(2) > 0.99). Average limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) for choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine were, respectively, 0.43, 0.62, and 0.31 μmol/L and 1.52, 2.11, and 0.97 μmol/L. Mean recovery of three replicates of two spiked concentrations levels was close to 100 % for all of the analytes. Repeatability and intermediate precision, expressed as %RSD of measurements, were <9 %. The method, applied to measure analytes in samples from 30 patients with chronic kidney disease and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, was able to detect differences between groups and the sexes.

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Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by micropyrolysis gas chromatography

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

³¹P NMR studies of cultured human tumor cells. Influence of ph on phospholipid metabolite levels and the detection of cytidine 5′‐diphosphate choline

An isotope dilution capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations in human plasma

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Measurement of free choline concentrations in maternal and neonatal blood by micropyrolysis gas chromatography

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

31P NMR studies of cultured human tumor cells. Influence of ph on phospholipid metabolite levels and the detection of cytidine 5′‐diphosphate choline

An isotope dilution capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations in human plasma

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³¹P NMR studies of cultured human tumor cells. Influence of ph on phospholipid metabolite levels and the detection of cytidine 5′‐diphosphate choline