Measurement of 'free' gold in patients receiving disodium aurothiomalate and the association of high free to total gold levels with toxicity.

Heath, M. J.

doi:10.1136/ard.47.1.18

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

(2 reference statements)

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Silver and Gold

Lansdown

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Silver and gold are transitional metals exhibiting very different chemical and toxicological properties. Apart from their precious metal value and use in coinage, each has distinctive uses in industry, commercial applications, and medical devices. The World Health Organization and various national regulatory authorities recognize that like many other metals, silver and gold can pose significant health risks through occupational exposure in mining and industrial processes. Nowadays, with the increasing use of nanoparticulate materials with increased biological activity, other toxicological risks are encountered. Thus, gold dust is an environmental contaminant in the vicinity of mining areas, but in view of its high density, particles settle rapidly, thereby reducing the hazards of inhalation by workers. Gold miners are at greater risk through exposure to silica dust, mercury vapor, radon, and cyanide. The principal risks associated with chronic exposure to silver include argyria and argyrosis leading to profound discolorations of the skin and eyes. Unregulated use of colloidal silver presents an ongoing risk. Both silver and gold exhibit allergenic properties. Selected clinical cases are documented to illustrate specific toxicological complications encountered with both metals. Analytical methods currently available for the determination of silver and gold complexes in blood and other tissues following clinical or occupational exposure provide a means to understanding absorption and metabolism. The present chapter discusses chemical properties of the metals, their mining and extraction, and human exposure. Epidemiological studies provide a broad understanding of the safety of these metals and their compounds in clinical and occupational exposures.

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Silver and Gold

Lansdown

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Silver and Gold

Lansdown¹

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Silver and gold are transitional metals and exhibit different chemical properties. They have distinctive uses in industry, commercial applications and in medical science. The World Health Organization and various national regulatory authorities recognize that occupational exposure to silver and many other metals in the workplace pose significant health risks. In the case of silver, argyria and argyrosis with profound discolorations of the skin and eyes present a major risk associated with chronic exposure to silver. Selected clinical cases are documented to illustrate complications that arise in the use of silver. Gold dust is expected as a contaminant in the atmosphere close to mining areas, but in view of their high density, particles, can be expected to settle rapidly and present minimal risk of inhalation by workers, but appreciably greater risks have been associated with silica, mercury and cyanide in gold workers. Neutron activation analysis has been described for determination of gold in blood following clinical or occupational exposure to the metal. The present chapter discusses properties, production, uses, exposure assessment, toxic effects, and several clinical cases of these transitional metals.

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Prediction of the clinical efficacy of and intolerance to antirheumatic drug therapy

Brooks¹,

Buchanan²

1991

Prognosis in the Rheumatic Diseases

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Measurement of 'free' gold in patients receiving disodium aurothiomalate and the association of high free to total gold levels with toxicity.

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Silver and Gold

Silver and Gold

Silver and Gold

Prediction of the clinical efficacy of and intolerance to antirheumatic drug therapy

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