Measurement of $\gamma$-Radiation Induced Refractive Index Changes in B/Ge Doped Fiber Using LPGs

Kher, Sanjay; Chaubey, Smita; Oak, S. M.; Gusarov, A.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2013.2281200

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…7 is an associative exponential fitting, whose coefficients are shown in Table 3. As expected and in agreement with the literature 14,24 , the absorbed dose leads to an increase of the core refractive index, affecting both n co,low and n co,high . Focusing on n co,mean , a maximum variation of ~1.88·10 −4 was www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ estimated in correspondence of the highest absorbed radiation dose.…”

Section: (A)supporting

confidence: 92%

“…As shown in Fig. 8, a maximum variation of 1.61·10 −4 RIU was evaluated for n co,eff , while the n cl,eff referred to the LP 0,8 cladding mode was found to increase only of 4.72·10 −6 RIU, in agreement with the results reported by Kher et al in 24 .…”

Section: (A)supporting

confidence: 90%

“…From previous studies reported in literature, the exposure to radiation of an LPG device is expected to induce two main effects, namely the RIA and radiation-induced silica densification 14,24 . Therefore, two main parameters pertaining to optical fibers are affected by ionizing radiation: the optical fiber losses and core refractive index 14,24 . Nevertheless, the limited length of the grating-based devices (up to few centimeters) allows us to neglect the optical losses effects and to focus the attention exclusively on the changes induced on both n co,low and n co,high .…”

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the limited length of the grating-based devices (up to few centimeters) allows us to neglect the optical losses effects and to focus the attention exclusively on the changes induced on both n co,low and n co,high . The variation of other parameters, including the grating period and the refractive index of the cladding, is neglected according to previous works 24,26 .…”

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of uncoated LPGs written in B-Ge doped fiber under proton irradiation for sensing applications at CERN

Berruti

Vaiano

Quero

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In this contribution, a complete dissertation concerning the behavior of a Long Period Grating (LPG) inscribed in a B-Ge co-doped optical fiber by means of an excimer laser and exposed to proton irradiation during a recent extensive campaign performed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) with a fluence of 4.4·10 15 p·cm −2 is provided. The experimental results have been thus combined for the first time to the best of our knowledge with numerical simulations in order to estimate the variations of the major parameters affecting the grating response during the ultra-high dose proton exposure. From the correlation between experimental and numerical analysis, the irradiation exposure was found to induce a maximal variation of the core effective refractive index of ~1.61·10 −4 , responsible of a resonance wavelength red shift of ~44 nm in correspondence of the highest absorbed radiation dose of 1.16 MGy. At the same time, a relevant decrease close to ~0.93·10 −4 in the refractive index modulation pertaining to the grating was estimated, leading to a reduction of the resonant dip visibility of ~12 dB. The effect of the proton beam on the spectral response of the LPG device and on the optical fiber parameters was assessed during the relaxation phases, showing a partial recovery only of the wavelength shift without any relevant change in the dip visibility revealing thus a partial recovery only in the refractive index of the core while the reduction of the refractive index modulation observed during the irradiation remained unchanged.www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ 5 %RH, i.e. where both miniaturized capacitive sensors and polyimide coated FBGs substantially lose accuracy. Nevertheless, to assess their possible application in the new generation of detectors foreseen within the HL-LHC project, a clear understanding of the physical and optical mechanisms involved during the LPGs radiation exposure is mandatory, together with a systematic study of their behavior under realistic radiation levels with respect to those expected at HL-HLC.Certainly, massive knowledge concerning the effects of irradiation on optical fibers and optical fiber-based devices has been collected over the years, but still not all the factors involved are completely clear and known. In 2018 Girard et al. published a very interesting review about the recent advancements on the radiation hardened fiber optic-based systems 13 , highlighting the potential and the future challenges of this innovative technology for the application in harsh environments. In ref. 13 the authors also provided an overview of the main radiation-induced effects on several classes of fiber optics and fiber optic-based technology, including both point sensors and distributed sensors. It is well-assessed that radiation alters the fiber properties by creating point defects in silica-based material due to ionization or displacement damage processes leading to structural modifications in the pure or doped amorphous host silica matrix...

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Section: (A)supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: (A)supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of uncoated LPGs written in B-Ge doped fiber under proton irradiation for sensing applications at CERN

Berruti

Vaiano

Quero

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In literature there is no evidence of coated LPGs characterization below 20% RH and below 15°C. Moreover, while the radiations effects have been investigated on bare LPGs up to 154 Mrad [17] [18], their influence on the sensing performance of coated LPG seems to be completely unexplored. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used as sensitive element for the development of LPG-based RH sensors, due to its high refractive index (n=1.96) [19] and hygrosensitive characteristics [20][21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation tolerant humidity sensors based on nano-scale TiO<inf>2</inf>-coated LPGs for high-energy physics applications

Berruti

Consales

Borriello³

et al. 2014

2014 Third Mediterranean Photonics Conference

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This contribution deals with a feasibility analysis for the development of radiation tolerant fiber optic humidity sensors based on long period grating (LPG) technology to be applied in high-energy physics (HEP) experiments currently running at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Here we propose a highsensitivity LPG sensor coated with a finely tuned titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin layer (~100 nm thick) for relative humidity (RH) monitoring in the humidity range [0-75]%RH and in the temperature range [-10°C, 25]°C. Experimental results demonstrate the very high RH sensitivities of the proposed device (up to 1.4 nm/%RH at low humidity). The TiO2-coated LPG sensor radiation tolerance is also investigated up to 1Mrad -ionizing radiation dose. Collected results demonstrate the strong potentialities of the proposed technology in light of its future exploitation in HEP applications.

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Design optimization of Yb-doped fiber lasers for operation in radiation environments

Tao,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

J Opt

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Radiation hardening should be considered for various active fiber systems operated in adverse environments to reduce their sensitivity to complex ionizing radiations. And, architecture optimization through numerical simulation provides an efficient choice. Here, introducing radiation effects into the conventional fiber laser model, a radiation model concerning the design optimization of low- and moderate-power Yb-doped fiber lasers is developed. And, experiments at different radiation levels up to 750 Gy are carried out for validation, demonstrating the ability of this model to correctly simulate the performance of the Yb-doped fiber laser in harsh environments. Then, with this model, impacts of active fiber length, pump scheme, and pump allocation on the output characteristics of Yb-doped fiber lasers are analyzed numerically. And, optimization of Yb-doped fiber lasers are conducted through architecture design. Simulations show that a proper design with relatively short active fiber and dynamic pump allocation can remarkably improve the radiation tolerance of Yb-doped fiber lasers.

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Measurement of $\gamma$-Radiation Induced Refractive Index Changes in B/Ge Doped Fiber Using LPGs

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of uncoated LPGs written in B-Ge doped fiber under proton irradiation for sensing applications at CERN

Analysis of uncoated LPGs written in B-Ge doped fiber under proton irradiation for sensing applications at CERN

Radiation tolerant humidity sensors based on nano-scale TiO<inf>2</inf>-coated LPGs for high-energy physics applications

Design optimization of Yb-doped fiber lasers for operation in radiation environments

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