Measurement of Human Postural Sway

Stevens, David; Tomlinson, Gregory

doi:10.1177/003591577106400629

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Experience indicates that in most cases, frequently used static posturography is not sensitive enough to differentiate athletic balance levels. This was corroborated by the study of Vuillerme et al (2001) which highlighted that when visual cues were available, the CoP velocity and CoP range increased with the task difficulty (bipedal stance, unipedal stance on firm surface, unipedal stance on foam surface) when comparing gymnasts to athletes of other sports. Only when their vision was removed, a larger postural sway in the unipedal tasks was observed in the non-gymnasts when compared to the gymnasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Postural and Trunk Responses to Unexpected Perturbations Depend on the Velocity and Direction of Platform Motion

Zemková

Kovačíková²,

Jeleń³

et al. 2016

Physiol Res

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This study compares postural and trunk responses to translating platform perturbations of varied velocities and directions. A group of 18 young and physically active subjects were exposed to a set of postural perturbations at varied velocities (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm/s) and directions of platform movement (forward, backward, left-lateral, and right-lateral). The center of pressure (CoP) displacement measurement, in addition to the trunk motion (representing the center of mass (CoM) displacement), were both monitored. Results identified that the CoP displacement increased from slow to faster velocities of platform motion more widely in both anterior and posterior directions (50.4 % and 48.4 %) as compared to the CoM displacement (17.8 % and 14.9 %). However a greater increase in the peak CoM velocity (70.3 % and 69.6 %) and the peak CoM acceleration (60.5 % and 53.1 %) was observed. The values in the anterior and posterior direction only differed significantly at the highest velocity of platform motion (i.e. 20 cm/s). A similar tendency was observed in the medio-lateral direction, but there were no significant differences in any parameter in the left-lateral and right-lateral direction. The velocity of the platform motion highly correlated with peak velocity (r=0.92-0.97, P<0.01) and moderately with amplitude of trunk displacement (r=0.56-0.63, P<0.05). These findings indicate that the velocity of perturbation alters peak CoM velocity rather than the magnitude of CoM displacement. The effect of the direction of perturbations on the trunk response emerges only at a high velocity of platform motion, such that the peak CoM velocity and peak CoM acceleration are significantly greater in anterior than posterior direction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The main disadvantage of the force platform analysis is that it measures the secondary consequences of swaying movements, not the movements themselves (Stevens and Tomlinson 1971). Increasing such CoP parameters as path length, area, displacement, or velocity does not necessarily link to postural instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural and Trunk Responses to Unexpected Perturbations Depend on the Velocity and Direction of Platform Motion

Zemková

Kovačíková²,

Jeleń³

et al. 2016

Physiol Res

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“…The individual causes of falling in group 3 were examined in more 0-47t (18) 0 54* (13) 0 66 (7) 3 0-46 (5) 0-62 (18) 0-66 (28) 0-68 (5) Significance of difference from mean of corresponding age group for group 3: *P<0.02; tP<0 01;*P<0 001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls in the elderly related to postural imbalance.

Overstall¹,

Exton‐Smith²,

Imms³

et al. 1977

BMJ

597

273

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prolonged serum levels exceeding 8-10 ,ug/ml. In cases 1 and 2 the immediate and dramatic changes occurred with levels greater than this. In case 3 lesser changes occurred even though the serum levels were in the "safe" range. The basal turn of the cochlea seems most vulnerable to both immediate and delayed effects, both of which may produce the dissociated pattern of AP response that is well recognised in high-tone sensory deafness of whatever cause.10The speed of onset of the observed effect suggests a direct action at a site in the cochlea, involving a temporary metabolic block-for example, interference with an energy requiring process or blocking of transport of cations across cell membranes. There is experimental and clinical evidence to show that aminoglycosides interfere with calcium metabolism (probably by binding).21-14 In the lateral line organ of the fish they may block potassium transport.15 Both these effects are rapid and may be reversed by administering the appropriate cation in solution. Other metabolic effects follow intoxication with aminoglycosides, although their speed of onset is not clearly established. Guinea-pigs treated with tobramycin sustain most outer hair cell damage in areas of the cochlea where there is the least amount and smallest granule size of glycogen-namely, the basal turn. The greatest oxygen consumption of the cochlea occurs in the basal turn, and is decreased by kanamycin.17 The adenosine triphosphatase hydrolysing system has been shown to be modified within the microstructures of the cochlea after the administration of aminoglycosides.'8 This may have an important effect on the function of the stria vascularis, which uses adenosine triphosphatase to support a sodium-potassium ion pump to maintain endolymphatic homoeostasis. The possibility that interference with protein synthesis caused of our observed changes is ruled out by their speed of onset.How our findings relate to long-term ototoxicity is not clear. Summary Two hundred and forty-three elderly people aged 60 to 96 years were questioned about their falls, and their sway was measured. For comparison sway was also measured in 63 younger subjects. Sway increased with age and was higher in women at all ages. There was no difference in sway between those with no history of falls and those who fell only because of tripping. In both sexes sway was significantly increased in people who fell because of loss of balance and in women whose falls were due to giddiness,

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“…Earlier studies relating sway to age and falling used ataxiameters 21 or other portable devices 22,23 for the measurement of balance. The advantages of current biomechanics platform technology are that movement of the center of force may be sampled at short intervals and quantified more precisely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Determinants of Biomechanics Platform Measures of Balance in Aged Women

Lichtenstein

Shields²,

Shiavi

et al. 1988

J American Geriatrics Society

106

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The cross-sectional associations between clinical variables and biomechanics platform measures of balance (sway) were determined in a random sample of 50 aged single women living in high rise apartment buildings. A history of falling in the previous year was associated with increased areas of sway. Increased body mass was associated with decreased velocity of sway. Poor near, but not far, visual acuity was associated with increased areas of sway. A postural drop of 10 mmHg or more in diastolic pressure was associated with increased velocity of sway. The associations between these variables and the balance measures persisted after adjustment for age and each other to adjust for potential confounding. Slower hand reaction times and poor hearing were associated with increased areas of sway, but these associations were removed after adjustment for age and near visual acuity. There were no associations between any of the balance measures and postural changes in systolic pressure and heart rate. There were no associations between balance measures and base of support. The observed associations, if causal, can aid in development and testing of effective interventions to improve balance and prevent falls in the elderly.

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Measurement of Human Postural Sway

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Postural and Trunk Responses to Unexpected Perturbations Depend on the Velocity and Direction of Platform Motion

Postural and Trunk Responses to Unexpected Perturbations Depend on the Velocity and Direction of Platform Motion

Falls in the elderly related to postural imbalance.

Clinical Determinants of Biomechanics Platform Measures of Balance in Aged Women

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