Measurement of kinetic energy dissipation with gelatine fissure formation with special reference to gelatine validation

Jussila, Jorma

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.06.038

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Consistent results were obtained, although they cannot be directly correlated with alternative gel configurations. It has previously been noted [16] that even standing gel blocks on a surface will have a restraining effect on gel behaviour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the behaviour of air rifle pellets in ballistic gel and their interaction with bone

Wightman

Beard

Allison

2010

Forensic Science International

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Although air weapons are considerably lower in power than other firearms, there is increasing concern that serious injuries can result from their misuse. The present study was therefore carried out to improve understanding of the terminal ballistic behaviour of air rifle pellets. Pellets were fired into ballistic gel under a variety of conditions. The pellets penetrated further than anticipated from their low cross-sectional density, and Bloom number was not necessarily a good guide to gel behaviour. Pellet penetration into the gel decreased with increasing gel concentration, and appeared to be linear at higher concentrations. Pointed pellets penetrated up to 50% further than rounded pellets. Power and range affect penetration, but other factors are also important, and power alone is not a simple guide to potential penetration. Test firings were also carried out firing pellets into ballistic gel that contained sections of animal bone. Computed tomography (CT) and visual observation were employed to record the interactions. CT scanning showed potential as a tool for examining pellet damage. The bone appeared to be undamaged, but the pellets were severely deformed on impact. If the pellet strikes the bone at an angle, less energy is absorbed by the impact and the pellet fragments may ricochet and cause further damage in the gel. A tentative model is proposed for estimating the energy absorbed by the impact.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the behaviour of air rifle pellets in ballistic gel and their interaction with bone

Wightman

Beard

Allison

2010

Forensic Science International

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“…In practice the gel is a solid rather than a fluid and the gel structure has to rupture and be displaced to allow the pellet through (see for example, Jussila's evaluation of three model's of gel fracture [19]). Whilst shape does affect penetration and damage, the mechanism is therefore complex.…”

Section: Energy Loss Due To Clothingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between clothing and air weapon pellets

Wightman

Wark

Thomson

2015

Forensic Science International

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Comparatively few studies have been carried out on air weapon injuries yet there are significant number of injuries and fatalities caused by these low power weapons because of their availability and the public perception that because they need no licence they are assumed to be safe. In this study ballistic gel was tested by Bloom and rupture tests to check on consistency of production. Two series of tests were carried out firing into unclothed gel blocks and blocks loosely covered by different items of clothing to simulate attire (tee shirt, jeans, fleece, and jacket). The damage to the clothing caused by different shaped pellets when fired at different ranges was examined. The apparent hole size was affected by the shape of pellet (round, pointed, flat and hollow point) and whether damage was predominantly caused by pushing yarn to one side or by laceration of the yarn through cutting or tearing. The study also compared penetration into clothed gel and unclothed gel under identical conditions, and loose clothing greatly reduced penetration. With loose clothing at 9.1 m range clothing reduced penetration to 50-70% of the penetration of unclothed gel but at 18.3m range only 7 out of 36 shots penetrated the gel. This cannot be accounted for by the energy loss at the longer range (3-7% reduction from 9.1 m to 18.3 m range in unclothed gels) and it is suggested that impulse may have a role to play. Shots that did not penetrate the gel were used to estimate the possible stopping time for the pellet (around 75 μs) and force (1700 N) or stress (100 MPa) required to bring the pellet to a halt. Even with these low energy projectiles, cloth fibres were entrained in the gel showing the potential for penetration of the body and subsequent infection.

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“…it initiates a number of events, including cell necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation 1,2 . While much of the initial damage is largely the result of necrosis and can be seen within the first twenty-four hours, delayed tissue death may result from induced programmed cell death or vascular compromise and may not be apparent for several days after the initial event 3 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation Potential of Multipotent Progenitor Cells Derived from War-Traumatized Muscle Tissue

Nesti¹,

Jackson

Shanti

et al. 2008

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume

121

125

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Measurement of kinetic energy dissipation with gelatine fissure formation with special reference to gelatine validation

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

An investigation into the behaviour of air rifle pellets in ballistic gel and their interaction with bone

An investigation into the behaviour of air rifle pellets in ballistic gel and their interaction with bone

The interaction between clothing and air weapon pellets

Differentiation Potential of Multipotent Progenitor Cells Derived from War-Traumatized Muscle Tissue

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