Measurement of KL and LM resonant Raman scattering cross sections with a proton-induced x-ray beam

Abstract

The resonant Raman effect has been described as an inelastic scattering process occurring when the energy of the exciting x-ray beam approaches from below the energy of an absorption edge of a target element. It produces a scattered photon with a characteristic maximum energy and the emission of an inner-shell electron. A high monochromatic CrK α x-ray beam produced by protons was utilized for the measurement of the KL type of resonant Raman scattering (RRS) cross sections in V and Cr and of the LM ones in La and Ce. In the case of V and Cr targets, the fluorescence yields of the KL-RRS process were also extracted, while the fine-structure splitting in a LM-RRS spectrum was observed for the first time. The influence of RRS into different topics of x-ray spectrometry, like the quantitative x-ray flourescence analysis, the theoretical calculations of the mass attenuation coefficients or the shape of characteristic xrays emitted from low Z thick targets, is also discussed.

Gold traces to trace gold

“…However, the limit of detection is ruled by various physical processes (Raman and Rayleigh scattering, see Ref. [27]) leading to a sensitivity of about 100 ppm for platinum. Fig.…”

Recent experimental studies of photon–atom scattering in the X-ray energy region

“…The measurements (Karydas and Paradellis, 1997;Manninen et al, 1986;Czerwinski et al, 1993;Kodre and Shafroth, 1979) of the RRS differential crosssections are scarce. Tuneable synchrotron source (Manninen et al, 1986;Czerwinski et al, 1993) and X-ray tube with a monochromator (Kodre and Shafroth, 1979) were used for such measurements.…”

“…Kodre and Shafroth (1979) measured the K-M RRS cross-sections for Mo using a Mo X-ray tube with a LiF crystal monochromator. Karydas and Paradellis (1997) reported the measured K-L RRS cross-sections for V and Cr, and the L-M RRS cross-sections for La and Ce using the proton-induced Cr Ka X-rays.…”

Resonant Raman scattering background in XRF spectra of binary samples

“…However, under resonant conditions, other low probability interactions can occur. One of these interactions is the resonant Raman scattering (RRS) (Karydas and Paradellis, 1997).…”