Measurement of licking response execution in the rat

Vrtunski, P. Bart; Wolin, L.R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(74)90026-2

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is not clear why activation of the direct and indirect pathways produced similar outcomes in the absence of a detectable visual event. One possibility is that our measurement of licks is too simple to detect the relevant variable, since it does not capture the full complexity of licking behavior (Vrtunski and Wolin, 1974; Weijnen, 1998). Another possibility is that the functions of the two pathways converge under some conditions, perhaps mediated by projections to shared targets including the GPe (Wu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Striatal Neurons Causes a Perceptual Decision Bias during Visual Change Detection in Mice

Wang

Rangarajan

Gerfen

et al. 2018

Neuron

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The basal ganglia are implicated in perceptual decision-making, although their specific contributions remain unclear. Here, we tested the causal role of the basal ganglia by manipulating neuronal activity in the dorsal striatum of mice performing a visual orientation-change detection (yes/no) task. Brief unilateral optogenetic stimulation caused large changes in task performance, shifting psychometric curves upward by increasing the probability of "yes" responses with only minor changes in sensitivity. For the direct pathway, these effects were significantly larger when the visual event was expected in the contralateral visual field, demonstrating a lateralized bias in responding to sensory inputs rather than a generalized increase in action initiation. For both direct and indirect pathways, the effects were specific to task epochs in which choice-relevant visual stimuli were present. These results indicate that the causal link between striatal activity and decision-making includes an additive perceptual bias in favor of expected or valued visual events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Striatal Neurons Causes a Perceptual Decision Bias during Visual Change Detection in Mice

Wang

Rangarajan

Gerfen

et al. 2018

Neuron

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“…The analog signal sampling rate was set at 1 kHz. Following each test session, the typed output contained several parameters of the licking response sequence (Vrtunski & Wolin, 1974). As in Experiment 1, only the time integral of force will be discussed here.…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second, an on-line computer performed all the measurements. Both techniques are discussed elsewhere (Vrtunski & Wolin, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dypsogenic stimuli on licking response execution of the rat

1977

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In two experiments, effect of several dypsogenic stimuli upon licking response force in rats was investigated. Independent variables were preferred solutions vs water, stimulus intensity, length of water deprivation, and extinction conditions. Measurements of response forces were made with a water spout fitted on a pressure transducer and its output fed into a signal averager or a digital computer. Results indicated the response force to be primarily a function of the stimulus intensity. A tenfold reduction in stimulus intensity accounted for close to a three-and-one-half-fold increase in licking response force. Although less pronounced, water deprivation also affected the response force . The animals' preference for NaCI and glucose solutions was not reflected on licking response force . Finally, contrary to some suggestions from literature, extinction condition did not generate higher response forces than the control conditions. Results are interpreted in terms of role of feedback information in generation of licking responses and its potential value in further exploration of other aspects of water regulating functions.

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“…Weijnen and Mendelson (1977) and Weijnen (1977Weijnen ( , 1989Weijnen ( , 1998 has published several excellent articles and reviews outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each type of lickometer. One method involves incorporating a miniature strain gauge in the drinking spout so that the pressure of each lick can be recorded (Vrtunski and Wolin, 1974). Movements of the tongue can also be detected when it crosses a light beam mounted in front of the drinking spout (Schoenbaum et al, 2001;Smith et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-cost solution to measure mouse licking in an electrophysiological setup with a standard analog-to-digital converter

Hayar

Bryant

Boughter

et al. 2006

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Licking behavior in rodents is widely used to determine fluid consumption in various behavioral contexts and is a typical example of rhythmic movement controlled by internal pattern-generating mechanisms. The measurement of licking behavior by commercially available instruments is based on either tongue protrusion interrupting a light beam or on an electrical signal generated by the tongue touching a metal spout. We report here that licking behavior can be measured with high temporal precision by simply connecting a metal sipper tube to the input of a standard analog/digital (A/D) converter and connecting the animal to ground (via a metal cage floor). The signal produced by a single lick consists of a 100-800 mV dc voltage step, which reflects the metal-to-water junction potential and persists for the duration of the tongue-spout contact. This method does not produce any significant electrical artifacts and can be combined with electrophysiological measurements of single unit activity from neurons involved in the control of the licking behavior.

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Measurement of licking response execution in the rat

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Activation of Striatal Neurons Causes a Perceptual Decision Bias during Visual Change Detection in Mice

Activation of Striatal Neurons Causes a Perceptual Decision Bias during Visual Change Detection in Mice

Effect of dypsogenic stimuli on licking response execution of the rat

A low-cost solution to measure mouse licking in an electrophysiological setup with a standard analog-to-digital converter

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