Measurement of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in serum: a status report

Abstract

Current recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel and the Children and Adolescents Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program make the concentration of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum the basis for the classification and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Numerous methodologies for the determination of serum LDL-C concentrations, in research and clinical laboratories, have been described. Here, we review the principles, performance, and limitations of major current methodologies for determining LDL-C concentrations. These methods include sequential and density-gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, and precipitation methods. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of estimating LDL-C concentration by the Friedewald equation, the most commonly used approach in clinical laboratories, are addressed.

Quantitative and qualitative effects of rosuvastatin on LDL-cholesterol: what is the clinical significance?

“…Further, methodological considerations on measurement of LDL-cholesterol are of importance too. A wide variety of methodologies have been used over the years for the determination of LDL-cholesterol, but those considered as the reference procedures, such as the beta quantification method, were time consuming and required specialised laboratories (44). The Friedewald's formula became popular for its simplicity and remains the single best equation for estimating LDL-cholesterol; yet, the accuracy of the result depends closely on the precision of the input parameters (i.e.…”

The Effects of Resistance Training on Metabolic Health With Weight Regain

“…Cholesterol in HDL particles was determined using a modified heparin-MnCl 2 method previously described 18 and LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald equation. 19 Insulin was measured using a chemiluminescent technique (intra-assay cv of 3.1%). Insulin resistance and sensitivity were estimated by measures of fasting glucose and insulin and calculation of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) 20 and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI).…”

Immunochromatographic membrane strip assay system for a single-class plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, exemplified by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

“…LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level in blood elevates as LDL-mediated catabolism in the liver decreases, which can be caused by diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol (Schaefer, 1991). This may result in the deposition of cholesterol molecules in the arterial wall that may eventually develop into atherosclerotic lesions that lead to coronary heart disease (CHD) (Bachorik and Ross, 1995;Rifai et al, 1992). On the other hand, because HDL eliminates excess cholesterol, the level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely correlated with the incidence of CHD (Gordon and Rifkind, 1989;Gordon et al, 1977;Johnson et al, 1991;Tall, 1990).…”

“…Various methods for the quantitative measurement of LDL-C or HDL-C have been reported (Bachorik and Ross, 1995;Mackness and Durrington, 1992;Rifai et al, 1992;Skinner, 1992;Warnick and Wood, 1995). Most methods require prior isolation of a single lipoprotein class before measurement of the cholesterol level.…”

“…Most methods require prior isolation of a single lipoprotein class before measurement of the cholesterol level. Fractionation has been carried out based on particle size (e.g., gel exclusion chromatography) (Rudel et al, 1974(Rudel et al, , 1986, charge (ionic interaction-induced precipitation) (Bachorik and Albers, 1986;Demacker et al, 1997), the two combined properties (electrophoresis) (Nauck et al, 1995), density ultracentrifugation (Chung et al, 1986;Rifai et al, 1992), and apolipoprotein structure (immunochromatography or immunofiltration) (Cheung and Albers, 1984;McNamara et al, 1995). These procedures, however, require not only laboratory instruments but also discrete accomplishment in regard to the subsequent quantification of cholesterol (Artiss et al, 1991).…”