Measurement of magnitude and direction of velocity in high-temperature liquid metals. Part I: Mathematical modeling

Abstract

This article describes the development of a mathematical model that predicts the time required for a metal sphere to melt in a metal bath under different fluid flow conditions. The sphere is made from the same metal as the bath. The model solves numerically the pertinent momentum and energy equations in three dimensions, employing the SIMPLER algorithm. For the case of a pure metal, the model uses the heat integration algorithm to account for the latent heat of fusion. For the situation of a metal alloy with long freezing range, it incorporates the enthalpy method to account for the latent heat of fusion. The model is validated extensively: first, by using Paterson's analytical solution; second, by using the experimental results of Gallium melting in a rectangular enclosure; and third, by using experimental results involving ice spheres melting in water. The practical use of this model is to study the influence of various parameters in the sphere melting system. This study facilitates the detection of liquid metal velocity using the sphere melting technique.

Melting of Moving Strip during Steel Strip Feeding in Continuous Casting Process

“…They developed a comprehensive mathematical framework to model the heat conduction process within the solidifying shell and investigate flow field in the superheated melt. The melting of lump ferro‐alloys, solid sphere, and cored wire in liquid steel, which happen during other metallurgical processes like ladle wire feeding, scrap melting in an EAF, have also been studied by some workers . Compared with the above processes, the physical phenomena in the CC process are more complicated and the liquid superheat and flow pattern along the casting direction are not constant.…”

Cold Model Investigations of Melting of Ice in a Gas-Stirred Vessel

“…The results for the first minute of the melting process for one-dimensional case could be described by an exact solution of Fourier's equation. Baokuan et al [9] and Melissari and Argyropoulos [10][11][12] used the experimental results of ice-water model to validate the mathematical model for the melting process of solid particles immersed in a metal bath. The experiments were conducted on the melting of ice spheres in water at different temperatures.…”

Mathematical Modeling of the Melting Rate of Metallic Particles in the EAF under Multiphase Flow

“…Another type of analysis employed to investigate melting phenomena is ice melting. For individual particles, it has been reported 23) that an increase in superheat and velocity of the liquid decreases its melting time.…”