Measurement of masculine and feminine sex role identities as independent dimensions.

Heilbrun, Alfred B.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.44.2.183

Cited by 249 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We conducted a pilot study (N = 254) to assess the stimulus materials on a 10-item measure (α = 0.82) based off previously established dimensions of masculinity and femininity [e.g., 1,18]. Fifty percent of participants were male with the average age of 23.23 (SD = 4.68).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender (In)Consistent Communication via Social Media and Hireability: An Exploratory Study

Brouer

Stefanone

Badawy

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender (In)Consistent Communication via Social Media and Hireability: An Exploratory Study

Brouer

Stefanone

Badawy

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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“…In a first step, we reviewed studies that assess the fundamental dimensions by means of trait words (Abele & Wojciszke, 2007;Anderson, 1968;Bem, 1974;Cuddy, et al, 2007;Diehl, Owen, & Youngblade, 2004;Fiske, et al, 2002;Heilbrun, 1976;Judd, et al, 2005;Meadows, 2005;Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1974;Tausch, Kenworthy, & Hewstone, 2007;Wentura, Rothermund, & Bak, 2000;Wiggins, 1979;Wojciszke, 2005) and created an item-pool of 304 adjectives. In a second step, we reduced this pool to a list of 69 trait words.…”

Section: Pretest: Selection Of Trait Wordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an operationalization of the fundamental dimensions of agency and communion: Trait content ratings in five countries considering valence and frequency of word occurrence

Abele

Uchronski

Suitner

et al. 2008

Euro J Social Psych

207

221

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Despite many convergences in theorizing and research on the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment the operationalizations differ considerably across studies and possible confounds (valence, frequency of word occurrence) are not always controlled. The present study was meant as a first step towards a more standardized operationalization by providing trait words which are clearly distinct in content (agency and communion) but comparable in valence and frequency of word occurrence in written language across different countries. We created a pool of 304 trait adjectives and reduced this pool in several pretests to a list of 69 trait words. These were clearly different in content and covered a large range of valence. In the main study N = 548 participants from five countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, USA) rated the 69 trait words on agency, communion and valence. The results were quite consistent across countries. The trait adjectives' agency ratings and communion ratings were negatively correlated; valence was correlated with communal content, but not with agentic content; word frequency was barely related to the content ratings. Cluster analyses suggest four clusters of trait words. Based on these findings we propose sets of agentic and communal trait words which do not differ in valence and word frequency. These item-sets can serve as a first step towards a standardized operationalization of the two fundamental content dimensions across languages. THE FUNDAMENTAL DIMENSIONS OPERATIONALIZED 3There has been considerable convergence in studies on the fundamental dimensions of social judgment (Abele & Wojciszke, 2007;Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002;Judd, James-Hawkins, Yzerbyt, & Kashima, 2005;Wojciszke, 2005). Researchers usually operationalize them with adjective-scales covering the two content domains. However, the specific trait words used differ considerably between studies. Furthermore, the measures used often do not control for the possibly confounding influence of valence (see Suitner & Maas, 2008) and of frequency of word occurrence. These methodological problems complicate the integration of findings of different lines of research and may decelerate progress in the field. The present study was therefore meant as a first step towards establishing sets of agentic and communal trait words that clearly capture the content of the two fundamental dimensions and at the same time do not differ regarding valence and frequency of word occurrence in written language. We collected trait ratings (content and valence) in five different countries and languages (English, USA; German, Germany; French, Belgium; Italian, Italy; and Polish, Poland). We examined the correlations between these ratings within and across languages, and we compared the classification of the trait words via cluster-analyses across languages. The study was specifically designed for this Special Issue of the European Journal of Social Psychology on Fundamental Dimensions of Social Judgment. Since most of the papers in this issu...

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“…These differentiated responses can be observed in gender studies (Bem, 1974(Bem, , 1975(Bem, , 1977Heilbrun, 1976;Lorr & Maning, 1978;Silvern & Ryan, 1979), more specifically in studies that deal with psychological androgyny, as well as the studies by Helgeson (1994), in which she reported that individuals who possessed agentic and communal traits presented lower disease incidences than other individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…A parallel can be made of the effect of schema development with studies by Moscovici (1961), in which the author demonstrated that the degree to which knowledge of a given object increases, the objectification of the same diminishes. Behavioral flexibility and the freedom to judge certain situations using parameters distinct from those circumscribed by the schemas were amply observed in a number of studies involving psychological androgyny (Bem, 1974(Bem, , 1975(Bem, , 1977Heilbrun, 1976;Heilbrun & Pitman, 1979;Helmreich, Spence, & Holahan, 1979;Kalin, 1979;Spence et al, 1975).…”

Section: The Synthesis Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

The psychological synthesis evaluated by the interactive model

Giavoni¹,

Tamayo²

2010

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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The purpose of this article was to elaborate a model to evaluate the synthesis process resulting from the interaction which is established between opposing constructs, like gender schemas. In social psychology, the existence of opposites is possible to be detecting in contemporary theories, such as individualism versus collectivism and masculinity versus femininity. In all these themes, opposites assume both an oppositional and complementary attitude, but little relevance has been given to the process of synthesis. The Interactive Model was elaborated in an attempt to mathematically express the synthesis process and open up the possibility of studying human personality from a new perspective -the Psychological Synthesis. Keywords: Interactive model; Personality; Psychological synthesis; Cognitive schemas; Dualism. ResumoO propósito deste estudo foi elaborar um modelo para avaliar o processo de síntese resultante da interação que se estabelece entre constructos com naturezas opostas, como os esquemas de gênero. Em psicologia social, a existência dos opostos pode ser detectada em teorias contemporâneas, tais como: individualismo versus coletivismo e masculinidade versus feminilidade. Em todos estes temas, os opostos assumem tanto uma postura de oposição quanto uma postura complementar, mas pouca relevância tem sido dada ao processo de síntese. O Modelo Interativo foi elaborado na tentativa de expressar matematicamente este processo de síntese, e abre a possibilidade de se estudar a personalidade a partir de uma nova perspectiva -a Síntese Psicológica.

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Measurement of masculine and feminine sex role identities as independent dimensions.

Cited by 249 publications

References 21 publications

Gender (In)Consistent Communication via Social Media and Hireability: An Exploratory Study

Gender (In)Consistent Communication via Social Media and Hireability: An Exploratory Study

Towards an operationalization of the fundamental dimensions of agency and communion: Trait content ratings in five countries considering valence and frequency of word occurrence

The psychological synthesis evaluated by the interactive model

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