Measurement of Medium-Duty Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy Sensitivity to Ambient Temperature

Vore, Spencer; Kosowski, Mark; Reid, Michael L.; Wilkins, Zachary; Minicucci, Joseph; Bradley, Thomas H.

doi:10.1109/tte.2017.2752131

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Accordingly, the electrification of commercial vehicles represents a promising opportunity to significantly reduce these emissions [8], [9], making the electrification of commercial vehicles an important research area. Most studies on electrifying commercial vehicles have focused on hybridization of these vehicles [10]- [16], due to the small size of batteries and limited mileage of electric vehicles, and lack of public charging infrastructure. For zeroemission commercial electric vehicles (CEVs), including electric trucks (ETs), the initial deployment has focused on light-duty trucks (LDTs), which have been successfully electrified without significant changes in travel behaviors [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charging Infrastructure for Commercial Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Works

et al. 2021

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The journey towards transportation electrification started with small electric vehicles (i.e., electric cars), which have enjoyed an increasing level of global interest in recent years. Electrification of commercial vehicles (e.g., trucks) seems to be a natural progression of this journey, and many commercial vehicle manufacturers have shifted their focus on medium-and heavy-duty vehicle electrification over the last few years. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review and analysis of the existing works presented in the literature on commercial vehicle charging. The paper starts with a brief discussion on the significance of commercial vehicle electrification, especially heavy-and medium-duty vehicles. The paper then reviews two major charging strategies for commercial vehicles, namely the return-to-base model and the on route charging model. Research challenges related to the return-to-base model are then analysed in detail. Next, different methods to charge commercial vehicles on route during their driving cycles are summarized. The paper then analyzes the challenging issues related to charging commercial vehicles at public charging stations. Future works relevant to these challenges are highlighted. Finally, the possibility of accommodating vehicle to grid technology for commercial vehicles is discussed.INDEX TERMS Commercial electric vehicles, electric trucks, return-to-base model, smart charging system, charging infrastructure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charging Infrastructure for Commercial Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Works

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, it is challenging to maintain coolant temperature in PHEV due to the intermittent operation of engine [8]. Given that using electric heater in cold climate can be highly energy consuming, optimizing the integrated thermal and energy management (ITEM) system could engender reliance on engine assisted heating instead of electric heating [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Thermal and Energy Management of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Zhang,

Chen,

Lei

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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The climate-adaptive energy management system holds promising potential for harnessing the concealed energysaving capabilities of connected plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This research focuses on exploring the synergistic effects of artificial intelligence control and traffic preview to enhance the performance of the energy management system (EMS). A highfidelity model of a multi-mode connected PHEV is calibrated using experimental data as a foundation. Subsequently, a modelfree multistate deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is proposed to develop the integrated thermal and energy management (ITEM) system, incorporating features of engine smart warm-up and engine-assisted heating for cold climate conditions. The optimality and adaptability of the proposed system is evaluated through both offline tests and online hardware-in-the-loop tests, encompassing a homologation driving cycle and a real-world driving cycle in China with real-time traffic data. The results demonstrate that ITEM achieves a close to dynamic programming fuel economy performance with a margin of 93.7%, while reducing fuel consumption ranging from 2.2% to 9.6% as ambient temperature decreases from 15°C to -15°C in comparison to state-of-the-art DRL-based EMS solutions.

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“…The primary focus of commercial vehicle research in the field of electrification has been on hybridization. This is primarily due to considerations such as battery capacity, EV range, and the limited availability of public charging infrastructure [20,21]. Light-duty trucks (LDTs) have demonstrated a successful conversion without significant alterations to travel behavior [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Its Impacts: Detailed Investigation of Charging Infrastructure, Power Management, and Control Techniques

et al. 2023

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are universally recognized as an incredibly effective method of lowering gas emissions and dependence on oil for transportation. Electricity, rather than more traditional fuels like gasoline or diesel, is used as the main source of energy to recharge the batteries in EVs. Future oil demand should decline as a result of the predicted rise in the number of EVs on the road. The charging infrastructure is considered as a key element of EV technology where the recent research is mostly focused. A strong charging infrastructure that serves both urban and rural areas, especially those with an unstable or nonexistent electrical supply, is essential in promoting the global adoption of EVs. Followed by different EV structures such as fuel-cell- and battery-integrated EVs, the charging infrastructures are thoroughly reviewed in three modes, specifically—off-grid (standalone), grid-connected, and hybrid modes (capable of both standalone and grid-connected operations). It will be interesting for the readers to understand in detail several energy-source-based charging systems and the usage of charging stations for different power levels. Towards the improvement of the lifetime and efficiency of EVs, charging methods and charging stations in integration with microgrid architectures are thoroughly investigated. EVs are a multi-energy system, which requires effective power management and control to optimize energy utilization. This review article also includes an evaluation of several power management and control strategies followed by the impact assessment of EVs on the utility grid. The findings and the future research directions provided in this review article will be extremely beneficial for EV operators and research engineers.

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Measurement of Medium-Duty Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Economy Sensitivity to Ambient Temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Charging Infrastructure for Commercial Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Works

Charging Infrastructure for Commercial Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Future Works

Integrated Thermal and Energy Management of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Technology and Its Impacts: Detailed Investigation of Charging Infrastructure, Power Management, and Control Techniques

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