Measurement of Mercury in Human Hair

Giovanoli-Jakubczak, Teresa; Berg, George G.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1974.10666454

Cited by 52 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On the scalp, hair growth rate is between 0.2 mm/day and 1.12 mm/day, or 6 to 33.5 mm/month (Giovanoli-Jakubczak and Berg, 1974 ; Harkey, 1993). Scalp hair grows faster than pubic hair, which is faster than beard hair (Harkey, 1993), with some racial [Caucasian hair growth is faster than Asian hair growth (Harkey, 1993)] and gender influences [women’s scalp hair grows faster than that on men (Saitoh et al, 1969)], as well as a general slowing of growth rate with age (Myers and Hamilton, 1951).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-linked cortisol concentrations in hair: what we know and what we need to know

2011

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Cortisol has major impacts upon a range of physiological homeostatic mechanisms and plays an important role in stress, anxiety and depression. Although traditionally described as being solely synthesised via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, recent animal and human studies indicate that cortisol may also be synthesised via a functionally-equivalent ‘peripheral’ HPA-like process within the skin, principally within hair follicles, melanocytes, epidermal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Current data indicate that basal levels of cortisol within hair vary across body regions, show diurnal variation effects, respond to the onset and cessation of environmental stressors, and may demonstrate some degree of localisation in those responses. There are conflicting data regarding the presence of variability in cortisol concentrations across the length of the hair shaft, thus challenging the suggestion that hair cortisol may be used as a historical biomarker of stress and questioning the primary origin of cortisol in hair. The need to comprehensively ‘map’ the hair cortisol response for age, gender, diurnal rhythm and responsivity to stressor type is discussed, plus the major issue of if, and how, the peripheral and central HPA systems communicate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-linked cortisol concentrations in hair: what we know and what we need to know

2011

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“…Important information in several historical or forensic cases has been obtained from hair analyses [4]. Hair has also been reported to be a valuable indicator of environmental pollution [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By examining the distribution profile of trace elements along hair strands, it is possible to trace the intake and/or exposure history of individuals. Giovanoli-Jakubczak and Berg analysed Hg in bundles of hair cut into 1 cm segments as early as in 1974 [7]. Since then, more sophisticated methods have been developed that makes it possible to determine trace element concentrations along single strands of human hair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Element Profiles in Single Strands of Human Hair Determined by HR-ICP-MS

Gellein

Lierhagen

Brevik³

et al. 2008

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Trace element analysis of human hair has the potential to reveal retrospective information about an individual's nutritional status and exposure. As trace elements are incorporated into the hair during the growth process, longitudinal segments of the hair may reflect the body burden during the growth period. We have evaluated the potential of human hair to indicate exposure or nutritional status over time by analysing trace element profiles in single strands of human hair. The hair strands from five healthy and occupationally unexposed subjects were cut into 1-cm long segments starting from the scalp. By using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), we achieved profiles of 12 elements in single strands of human hair, namely, Ag, As, Au, Cd, Cu, Hg, Fe, Pb, Se, Sr, U and Zn. We have shown that trace element analysis along single strands of human hair can yield information about essential and toxic elements, and for some elements, can be correlated with seasonal changes in diet and exposure. The information obtained from the trace element profiles of human hair in this study substantiates the potential of hair as a biomarker.

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“…12 The authors observed a slightly prolonged period of maximum mercury concentration in hair and a delayed disappearance of mercury from hair. They assumed that the mercury content of growing hair is proportional to the blood concentration, and that the extended hair pattern is a consequence of linear displacements of hairs during growth and collections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Delayed Appearance of Tracer Lead in Facial Hair

Rabinowitz

Wetherill

Kopple

1976

Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal

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Three adult men were fed 204 Pb - a rare, stable isotope of lead - daily for about 100 days. Simultaneous blood and facial hair measurements of this tracer and of total lead concentrations were made by mass spectrometric isotope dilution analysis. Although the blood showed an immediate response to the intake of the tracer, the facial hair showed a more gradual response and a delay of approximately 35 days. Since the pattern of appearance of lead in hair does not appear to represent a simple time delay of blood lead concentration, the existence of a physiological pool of lead fed by the blood and giving rise to the content in hair is suggested. Hair lead values should, therefore, be interpreted as the integral of the blood lead values over the mean life of this intermediate pool - about 100 days.

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Measurement of Mercury in Human Hair

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Stress-linked cortisol concentrations in hair: what we know and what we need to know

Stress-linked cortisol concentrations in hair: what we know and what we need to know

Trace Element Profiles in Single Strands of Human Hair Determined by HR-ICP-MS

Delayed Appearance of Tracer Lead in Facial Hair

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