Measurement of number, mass and size distribution of particles in the atmosphere

Harrison, Roy M.; Shi, Ji Ping; Xi, Shuhua; Khan, Aftab Aslam Parwaz; Mark, D.; Kinnersley, Rob; Yin, Jianxin

doi:10.1098/rsta.2000.0669

Cited by 127 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Marylebone Road and Eltham, two contrasting locations in London [14] were chosen as the measurement sites for the London urban isoprene study. London Marylebone Road can be treated as an urban traffic site and a strong anthropogenic contribution to total isoprene is expected here, as the site sits on a busy road which carries upwards of 70,000 vehicles on it per day [29,30]. The proximity of this monitoring station to two of London's larger public parks, Regent's Park and Hyde Park, can make a large contribution from biogenic isoprene sources.…”

Section: Measurement Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Decade Anthropogenic and Biogenic Isoprene Emissions Study in a London Urban Background and a London Urban Traffic Site

Khan

Schlich

Jenkin³

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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A relationship between isoprene and 1,3-butadiene mixing ratios was established to separate the anthropogenic and biogenic fractions of the measured isoprene in London air in both urban background (Eltham) and urban traffic (Marylebone Road) areas over two decades . The average daytime biogenic isoprene mixing ratios over this period reached 0.09 ± 0.04 ppb (Marylebone Road) and 0.11 ± 0.06 ppb (Eltham) between the period of 6:00 to 20:00 local standard time, contributing 40 and 75% of the total daytime isoprene mixing ratios. The average summertime biogenic isoprene mixing ratios for 1997-2017 are found to be 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.15 ± 0.04 ppb which contribute 50 and 90% of the total summertime isoprene mixing ratios for Marylebone Road and Eltham, respectively. Significant anthropogenic isoprene mixing ratios are found during night-time (0.11 ± 0.04 ppb) and winter months (0.14 ± 0.01 ppb) at Marylebone Road. During high-temperature and high-pollution events (high ozone) there is a suggestion that ozone itself may be directly responsible for some of the isoprene emission. By observing the positive correlation between biogenic isoprene levels with temperature, photosynthetically active radiation and ozone mixing ratios during heatwave periods, the Cobb-Douglas production function was used to obtain a better understanding of the abiotic factors that stimulate isoprene emission from plants. Other reasons for a correlation between ozone and isoprene are discussed. The long-term effects of urban stressors on vegetation were also observed, with biogenic isoprene mixing ratios on Marylebone Road dropping over a 20-year period regardless of the sustained biomass levels.

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Section: Measurement Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Decade Anthropogenic and Biogenic Isoprene Emissions Study in a London Urban Background and a London Urban Traffic Site

Khan

Schlich

Jenkin³

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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“…The reactions that occur within the lungs vary with the size of the dust particle and its biologic activity. Anthropogenic sources, primarily involving the combustion of fossil fuels, account for a significant proportion of nanometer–diameter aerosols in urban areas, and many industrial processes, including welding, smelting, and the use of diesel engines, lead to the production of airborne particles in the nanometer-size range (Harrison et al 2000). Particulate material (PM) in ambient air pollution is characterized as being coarse (PM 10 , aerodynamic diameter range 2.5–10 μm), fine (PM 2.5 , 2.5–0.1 μm), and ultrafine (UFP, nano-sized, <0.1 μm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential pattern of deposition of nanoparticles in the airways of exposed workers

et al. 2017

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Ultrafine particles (UFP) have been postulated to significantly contribute to the adverse health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM). Due to their extremely small size (aerodynamic diameter <100 nm), UFP are able to deposit deep within the lung after inhalation and evade many mechanisms responsible for the clearance of larger particles. There is a lack of biologically relevant personal exposure metrics for exposure to occupational- and environmental-related micro- and nano-sized PM. The aim of the present study is to assess UFP in induced sputum (IS) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as possible biomarkers for assessing lung function impairment. Sputum induction and EBC testing were performed by conventional methods. UFP particles were assessed with the NanoSight LM20 (NanoSight Ltd, London, UK). The subjects included 35 exposed and 25 non-exposed workers. There were no group differences in pulmonary function test results and differential cell counts, but 63.6% of the exposed subjects had a higher percentage of neutrophils (OR3.28 p = 0.03) compared to the non-exposed subjects. The exposed subjects had higher percentages of UFP between 10 and 50 nm (69.45 ± 18.70 vs 60.11 ± 17.52 for the non-exposed group, p = 0.004). No differences were found in the IS samples. Years of exposure correlated positively to UFP content (r = 0.342 p = 0.01) and macrophage content (r = −0.327 p = 0.03). The percentage of small fraction of UFP in EBC, but not IS, is higher in exposed workers, and EBC may be a sensitive biomarker to assess exposure to nanoparticles.

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“…The most extensive measurements of this sort have been carried out in Erfurt, Germany, where sampling began in 1991. 2,4,5 More recently, similar measurements have been carried out in the Netherlands, 6 Finland, 6 Great Britain, 7 and Australia. 8,9 The research described here was done as a part of the Aerosol Research Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Size Distributions of 3–100-nm Urban Atlanta Aerosols: Measurement and Observations

McMurry

Woo

2002

Journal of Aerosol Medicine

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Size distributions of urban Atlanta, Georgia, aerosols (0.003-2 microm) were measured from August 1, 1998 through August 30, 2000 as part of the Aerosol Research Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES). Size distributions were measured five times per hour, and approximately 50,000 size distributions were measured during the 25-month study. This paper focuses on salient features of the sub-100-nm data. We examine concentrations of particles in six equally spaced logarithmic intervals and show that particles of different sizes have distinctly different behaviors. For particles between 10 and 100 nm, average concentrations tended to be highest during winter, during rush hour, and on week days. Concentrations of particles in the 3-10-nm range were elevated in the summer due to photochemically driven nucleation, and also during winter. We hypothesize that the elevated wintertime concentrations of these particles were associated with nucleation that occurs as vehicular emissions mix with the cool ambient air. In any given size range, distributions of concentrations tend to be lognormal, but significant deviations from lognormality were occasionally observed. For particles in the 3.2-5.6-nm diameter range, deviations were apparent in the summer when very high concentrations (up to 10(6) cm(-3)) were produced by photochemically driven nucleation. During 2 months of the study, deviations from lognormality for particles in the 32-56-nm diameter range occurred when anomalously high concentrations of 40-nm particles were observed.

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Measurement of number, mass and size distribution of particles in the atmosphere

Cited by 127 publications

References 15 publications

A Two-Decade Anthropogenic and Biogenic Isoprene Emissions Study in a London Urban Background and a London Urban Traffic Site

A Two-Decade Anthropogenic and Biogenic Isoprene Emissions Study in a London Urban Background and a London Urban Traffic Site

Differential pattern of deposition of nanoparticles in the airways of exposed workers

Size Distributions of 3–100-nm Urban Atlanta Aerosols: Measurement and Observations

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