Measurement of oxide film growth on Mg and Al surfaces over extended periods using XPS

Chen, C.; Splinter, S.J.; Do, T.; McIntyre, N. S.

doi:10.1016/s0039-6028(97)00054-x

Cited by 133 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the following step, the aluminum gate (1 nm Ti and 60 nm Al, evaporated at a base pressure of 5 × 10 −7 mbar and a speed of 0.1 nm s −1 ) is aligned with the pads. It is known that aluminum surfaces form a native oxide layer when exposed to ambient atmosphere [19,20]. However, we found that the quality of the native oxide that forms on our evaporated gate structures is insufficient for reliable electrical isolation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Sandwich-type gated mechanical break junctions

2010

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We introduce a new device architecture for the independent mechanical and electrostatic tuning of nanoscale charge transport. In contrast to previous gated mechanical break junctions with suspended source-drain electrodes, the devices presented here prevent an electromechanical tuning of the electrode gap by the gate. This significant improvement originates from a direct deposition of the source and the drain electrodes on the gate dielectric. The plasma-enhanced native oxide on the aluminum gate electrode enables measurements at gate voltages up to 1.8 V at cryogenic temperatures. Throughout the bending-controlled tuning of the source-drain distance, the electrical continuity of the gate electrode is maintained. A nanoscale island in the Coulomb blockade regime serves as a first experimental test system for the devices, in which the mechanical and electrical control of charge transport is demonstrated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Sandwich-type gated mechanical break junctions

2010

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“…Far fewer researchers have studied the chemical composition of the thin passivating layer on the outermost surface (thickness of about 3nm) which spontaneously grows in contact with the atmosphere or after short heat treatments at low temperature [11][12][13][14][15]. As it has been recently noted by Song [16], the rupture of an initially formed film can to a great extent influence the film growth behaviour in a later stage; the pitting distribution on a metal surface in an early stage will affect the final corrosion morphology; the initial surface cleanness of steel may sometimes determine the steel passivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native Oxide Films on AZ31 and AZ61 Commercial Magnesium Alloys – Corrosion Behaviour, Effect on Isothermal Oxidation and Sol–gel Thin Film Formation

Feliú¹,

hadad²,

Barranco³

et al. 2015

New Trends in Alloy Development, Characterization and Application

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The authors present a review of their recent research work in an endeavour to interpret the influence of native oxide films on the corrosion behaviour of commercial AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloys or on the oxidation kinetics in air at 200°C. The tendency of some of these thin films to be sufficiently protective in mild or weak corrosive environments is examined. For obtaining oxide films with different protective properties, some of the specimens are tested with the surface in the as-received condition, while others are tested immediately after mechanical polishing. The technique applied to characterise thin (thickness of just a few nanometres) oxide films present on the surface of alloys has basically been XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) in combination with ion sputtering. Oxidation resistance of the alloys is quantified by thermo gravimetric (TG) curves and their corrosion rate is evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and hydrogen evolution measurement in chloride solutions with different aggressivity. Emphasis is placed on the possible effects of: (a) the different thickness of the native oxide films formed on the polished surfaces on the corrosion behaviour of the alloys; and (b) the different film homogeneity and uniformity on the oxidation results. Finally, an attempt will be made to learn more about the influence of the native oxide films that cover the substrate on the subsequent growth and protective behaviour of the sol-gel coatings.

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“…When alloys contain manganese, the manganese combines with aluminum to form the compounds Al 8 Mn 5 , Al 4 Mn, or Al 6 Mn. 1,2) Aluminum-Manganese compounds often occur in chunk-like or needle-like forms, sometimes having irregular and saw-toothed surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinel has a low free energy so that is often forms at the interface of the matrix and magnesia or intermetallic compound. 1,[4][5][6] These oxide films can also serve as nucleation sites for the formation of pores or inclusions in cast magnesium alloys, which of cause accelerates fatigue crack propagation eventually leading to fatigue failure. 7) In other words an oxide film is extremely harmful to the quality of cast magnesium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Analysis of Oxide Films in Cast Magnesium Alloys by Ultrasonic-Vibration Treatment

Chen

Wei

2007

Mater. Trans.

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Magnesium alloys with low density are important light metals, widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries and in the manufacture of communication devices, consumer-electronics appliances and computers products in recent years. However magnesium and magnesium alloys are the most reactive metals so that oxide films easily form on them during the melting or pouring process. These films are difficult to observe by optical micrograph. In this study we propose a simple method to observe oxide films entrapped in cast magnesium alloys. The oxide films are fractured as a result of cavitation erosion on the sample surface that occurs during ultrasonic-vibration treatment. The eroded areas become visible as differently shaped foggy marks. This method of observing and identifying foggy marks is shown to be useful in the diagnosis of oxide films in cast magnesium alloys. In addition, the presented method in the diagnosis of oxide films that formed on magnesium and aluminum alloys are also compared.

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Measurement of oxide film growth on Mg and Al surfaces over extended periods using XPS

Cited by 133 publications

References 15 publications

Sandwich-type gated mechanical break junctions

Sandwich-type gated mechanical break junctions

Native Oxide Films on AZ31 and AZ61 Commercial Magnesium Alloys – Corrosion Behaviour, Effect on Isothermal Oxidation and Sol–gel Thin Film Formation

Diagnosis and Analysis of Oxide Films in Cast Magnesium Alloys by Ultrasonic-Vibration Treatment

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