Measurement of PET isotope production cross sections for protons and carbon ions on carbon and oxygen targets for applications in particle therapy range verification

Abstract

Measured cross sections for the production of the PET isotopes , and from carbon and oxygen targets induced by protons (40–220 ) and carbon ions (65–430 ) are presented. These data were obtained via activation measurements of irradiated graphite and beryllium oxide targets using a set of three scintillators coupled by a coincidence logic. The measured cross sections are relevant for the PET particle range verification method where accurate predictions of the emitter distribution produced by therapeutic beams in the patient tissue are required. The presented dataset is useful for validation and optimization of the nuclear reaction models within Monte Carlo transport codes. For protons the agreement of a radiation transport calculation using the measured cross sections with a thick target PET measurement is demonstrated.

Benchmarking of FLUKA production cross sections of positron emission tomography isotopes for in-vivo range verification in hadron therapy

“…Regarding FLUKA, the production cross sections of 10 C are in good agreement with the data in [7] for beam energies below 100 MeV/u, whereas differences of about 50% can be observed for energies above 100 MeV/u. For 11 C, a satisfactory agreement between FLUKA and the data in [7,17] was found for energies below 160 MeV/u, whereas for higher energies FLUKA underestimates the production cross sections by about 25%. The observed differences do not have a critical impact on the delivered dose calculations, for which FLUKA has been demonstrated to satisfy the clinical requirements [11].…”

“…Figure 2 shows the FLUKA production cross sections of 10 C and 11 C produced by carbon ions in carbon as a function of energy, compared to the available experimental data. The experimental data are in rather good agreement among them, except for the data points in [16], which are significantly higher with respect to [7] at similar energies. Regarding FLUKA, the production cross sections of 10 C are in good agreement with the data in [7] for beam energies below 100 MeV/u, whereas differences of about 50% can be observed for energies above 100 MeV/u.…”

“…The experimental data are in rather good agreement among them, except for the data points in [16], which are significantly higher with respect to [7] at similar energies. Regarding FLUKA, the production cross sections of 10 C are in good agreement with the data in [7] for beam energies below 100 MeV/u, whereas differences of about 50% can be observed for energies above 100 MeV/u. For 11 C, a satisfactory agreement between FLUKA and the data in [7,17] was found for energies below 160 MeV/u, whereas for higher energies FLUKA underestimates the production cross sections by about 25%.…”

“…Range monitoring techniques rely on accurate modeling of nuclear interaction and ion fragmentation in the used Monte Carlo code. In the present work, the FLUKA production cross sections of PET isotopes ( 10 C, 11 C, and 15 O) were benchmarked against experimental data recently measured at the Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy center [7] and against available literature data.…”

Design and Evaluation of LYSO/SiPM LIGHTENING PET Detector with DTI Sampling Method

“…Positron emission tomography (PET) has been pursuing better resolution and shorter imaging time due to its high application value in the early diagnosis of tumors, cardiac function assessments, nervous system analysis, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Specifically, a PET system with a higher resolution can achieve a more accurate lesion location and efficient rejection of the events outside the region of interest.…”