Measurement of Photoionization Cross-Section for the Excited States of Atoms: A Review

Abstract

A review of experimental studies of the measurement of the photoionization cross-section for the excited states of the alkali atoms, alkaline earth atoms, and rare-gas atoms is presented, with emphasis on using multi-step laser excitation, ionization, and the saturation technique. The dependence of the photoionization cross-section from different intermediate states populated in the first step and ionized in the second step are discussed, including results on the photoionization cross-sections measured above the first ionization threshold. Results based on different polarizations of the exciting and the ionizing dye lasers are also discussed. Examples are provided, illustrating the photoionization cross-sections measured using thermionic diode ion detector, atomic beam apparatus in conjunction with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and DC/RF glow discharge cell as an optogalvanic detection.

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“…Experimental detection of the photoionization cross sections for excited states can be found in Ref. [52]. In our numerical simulations, we calculate j 2 U pb j using the time-dependent perturbation theory.…”

Reconstructing coherent dynamics of bound states induced by strong attosecond XUV pulses

“…Experimental detection of the photoionization cross sections for excited states can be found in Ref. [52]. In our numerical simulations, we calculate j 2 U pb j using the time-dependent perturbation theory.…”

Valence-shell ionization of acetyl cyanide: simulation of the photoelectron and infra-red spectra

“…21–23 Therefore considerable progress has been made over the last three decades in developing experimental approaches towards the investigation of valence (see ref. 24 and references therein) or inner shell (see ref. 25 and references therein) resonances and photoionization cross sections of atomic or molecular systems.…”