Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations

Paffenbarger, Ralph S.; Blair, Steven N.; Lee, I-Min; Hyde, Robert T.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00010

Cited by 451 publications

(308 citation statements)

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“…A drink was considered a bottle or can of beer, a glass of wine, or a shot of hard liquor. Regular physical activity was measured with a modified version of the Paffenbarger Activity Scale (Paffenbarger, Blair, Lee, & Hyde, 1993). This scale provided estimates of typical weekly energy expenditure and the number of minutes of brisk physical activity per week.…”

Section: Measuring Health Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model.

Miller¹,

Cohen²,

Ritchey³

2002

Health Psychology

779

647

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This study examined whether chronic stress impairs the immune system's capacity to respond to hormonal signals that terminate inflammation. Fifty healthy adults were studied; half were parents of cancer patients, and half were parents of healthy children. Parents of cancer patients reported more psychological distress than parents of healthy children. They also had flatter diurnal slopes of cortisol secretion, primarily because of reduced output during the morning hours. There was also evidence that chronic stress impaired the immune system's response to anti-inflammatory signals: The capacity of a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone to suppress in vitro production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 was diminished among parents of cancer patients. Findings suggest a novel pathway by which chronic stress might alter the course of inflammatory disease.

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Section: Measuring Health Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model.

Miller¹,

Cohen²,

Ritchey³

2002

Health Psychology

779

647

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“…Smokers (status) were defined as those who averaged at least one cigarette a day, and smoking rate as the square root of the average number of cigarettes smoked per day. Alcohol consumption was scored as the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on an average day, and exercise frequency as the number of days per week the subject was engaged in an activity long enough to "work up a sweat", "get the heart thumping", or "get out of breath" (Paffenbarger, Blair, Lee & Hyde, 1993). Each evening they were also asked, "What time did you lie down to go to sleep last night?…”

Section: Potential Mediating Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective and subjective socioeconomic status and susceptibility to the common cold.

Cohen¹,

Alper²,

Doyle³

et al. 2008

Health Psychology

268

217

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Objective:We ask whether subjective socioeconomic status (SES) predicts who develops a common cold when exposed to a cold virus. Design: 193 healthy men and women ages 21-55 years were assessed for subjective (perceived rank) and objective SES, cognitive, affective and social dispositions, and health practices. Subsequently, they were exposed by nasal drops to a rhinovirus or influenza virus and monitored in quarantine for objective signs of illness and self-reported symptoms. Main Outcome Measures: Infection, signs and symptoms of the common cold, and clinical illness (infection and significant objective signs of illness). Results: Increased subjective SES was associated with decreased risk for developing a cold for both viruses. This association was independent of objective SES and of cognitive, affective and social disposition that might provide alternative spurious (third factor) explanations for the association. Poorer sleep among those with lesser subjective SES may partly mediate the association between subjective SES and colds. Conclusions: Increased Subjective SES is associated with less susceptibility to upper respiratory infection, and this association is independent of objective SES, suggesting the importance of perceived relative rank to health.

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“…Questionnaires are an important method for evaluating HPA, considering their low cost and ease of application. 17 The Baecke et al 2 questionnaire is one of the few described in the literature that is structured in a qualitative-quantitative manner on the Likert scale. This allows the individual to be positioned in relation to daily life in the environment where he lives, thereby offering better assessment of HPA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the time of the study made among London Transport workers in 1953, 16 which showed a significant inverse relationship between the levels of occupational physical activity and cardiovascular diseases, evaluations of physical activity during work have been included in epidemiological studies. 17 However, this type of physical activity is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of an adequate instrument for such investigation. 12 One alternative utilized has been to take the type of occupation and base the assessment on the energy expenditure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metodologia para a avaliação da atividade física habitual em homens com 50 anos ou mais

et al. 2004

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Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations

Cited by 451 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model.

Chronic psychological stress and the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: A glucocorticoid-resistance model.

Objective and subjective socioeconomic status and susceptibility to the common cold.

Metodologia para a avaliação da atividade física habitual em homens com 50 anos ou mais

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