Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

Moazzen, Mojtaba; Shariatifar, Nabi; Arabameri, Majid; Hosseini, Hedayat; Ahmadloo, Mahsa

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.833158

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Thus, by taking into child’s immature immune system, it is highly essential to constantly monitor possible contaminants in baby foods. Moazzen et al [ 41 ] developed a MSPE method coupled with GC–MS for determination of 16 EPA priority PAHs in 36 baby food samples from 9 varieties sold on Iran’s market. Following extraction with acetonitrile-methanol (70:30, v/v) and KOH, 10 mg of MWCNTs-MNPs was added and vortex-mixed for 5 min for PAH enrichment for subsequent GC–MS analysis by SIM mode.…”

Section: Chromatographic Methods For Pah Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food and water

Chen¹,

Inbaraj²,

Hsu³

2022

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of harmful and persistent organic contaminant, are widely distributed in the environment and eventually accumulated in water and food. Also, they are formed in different varieties and varying amounts during processing of food depending on the food composition, cooking method and processing condition. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), various PAHs are classified under Group 1 to 3 category, with Group 1 designated as carcinogenic to humans, Group 2A as probable carcinogen, Group 2B as possible carcinogen and Group 3 as noncarcinogenic. Therefore, it is imperative to develop rapid and highly sensitive analytical methods for determination of PAHs in food and water. This article aims to overview the recent advances of various chromatographic methods as well as electrochemical and SERS-based optical sensing methods for analysis of PAHs in food and water. Initially, several conventional sample preparation methods along with the advanced extraction for isolation of PAHs were summarized, followed by reviewing various gas chromatographic methods coupled with various detection techniques for PAHs analysis in various food products including meat/meat products, seafood, oil, milk/milk products, baby foods, honey, vegetable, cocoa products, tea/coffee, juice, rice, flour, noodle and cake. In addition, high performance liquid chromatographic methods coupled with fluorescence, diode array or mass/tandem mass detection techniques as well as an emerging supercritical fluid chromatographic technique employed for determination of PAHs in different food and water matrices were also overviewed. Finally, various electrochemical sensors and SERS-based optical sensors developed recently for onsite detection of PAHs were tabulated and discussed. Thus, this review article can provide a research update on chromatography and sensor-based analytical methods for PAH analysis as well as enable elucidation of research gaps for future studies.

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Section: Chromatographic Methods For Pah Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food and water

Chen¹,

Inbaraj²,

Hsu³

2022

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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“…MNPs are widely used in analytical chemistry, medicine, bioanalytical, environmental pollutants, and food samples. MSPE has been used to determine estrogens in milk [60], phthalic acid esters in carbonated soft drink [61], tetracyclines in milk [62], organophosphorus pesticides in water [63], phthalate monoesters in urine [64], Co(II) and Hg(II) in water and food [65], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat [66], lignans in sesame oil [67], a free fatty acid in edible oils [68], and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac) in biological and water and samples [69]. However, the large surface area and high magnetic responsiveness of magnetic nanoparticles make them excellent sorbents for a variety of applications.…”

Section: ■ Applications and Optimization Of The Mspementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction for Determination of Dyes in Food and Water Samples

Abbas,

Mohammed Hassan,

Rheima

2023

Indones. J. Chem.

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Recently, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is an important technology due to its use in analytical chemistry, biotechnology, and medicinal fields. MSPE shows rapid isolation of target analyte from large volume samples, the huge surface area of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and simplicity in application due to using an external magnetic field instead of using packing column, centrifuge and filter papers. The aim of this review is to evaluate the extraction and determination of dyes in food and water samples by using the MSPE technique.

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“…In raw foods PAHs may come from the deposition of ambient particles, contaminated soils and water (14). Dietary intake represents a very common and widespread route of exposure specifically for infants and young children, which are particularly vulnerable to food contaminants, due to their different physiological characteristics compared to adults (15)(16)(17). Exposure to potentially toxic substances is especially dangerous because of their higher food intake, higher ventilation, and greater body surface area (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current literature provides several investigations focused on the extraction and analysis of PAHs in baby food, comprising both traditional and novel approaches (32). Moazzen et al (17) proposed the good performances of MSPE method coupled to GC-MS/MS to detect PAHs in the Irian market. Recently, Prata et al (36) provided a QuEChERS-based extraction procedure based on different salts composition in addition to MgSO 4 and PSA, such as Florisil, C18 and zirconium-coated silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a highly sensitive method based on QuEChERS and GC–MS/MS for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in infant foods

Ingegno,

Zianni,

Della Rovere

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants that can be found in various food products, including those intended for infants. Due to their potential health risks, it is crucial to develop sensitive analytical methods for the accurate determination of PAHs in infant foods. This study describes the development and validation of a highly sensitive method for the quantification of European PAH markers, namely benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene, using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS), in baby food samples. The first step was the optimization of the sample preparation procedure, performed using different methods based on the QuEChERS approach, also testing different extraction solvents. Several factors such as extraction efficiency, selectivity, and recovery were evaluated to choose the most effective procedure for sample preparation. Furthermore, the GC–MS/MS method was optimized, evaluating parameters such as linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and robustness using spiked infant food samples. The method demonstrated excellent linearities with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.999 over a wide concentration range, and limits of detection and limits of quantification in the range 0.019–0.036 μg/kg and 0.06–0.11 μg/kg, respectively. Extraction recoveries were between 73.1 and 110.7%, with relative standard deviations always lower than 8%. These findings are compliant with the indications of the European Commission (Reg. 836/2011). To assess the applicability of the method to official control activities, a survey was conducted on commercially available infant food products. Four markers were determined in commercial samples belonging to different food categories for infants and young children. The outcome of this monitoring showed that PAH contamination, in all samples, was below the quantification limits. In conclusion, the developed GC–MS/MS method provides a highly sensitive and reliable approach for the determination of PAHs in baby foods. The optimized sample preparation, instrumental parameters, and validation results ensure accurate quantification of 4 PAHs even at trace levels. This method could contribute to the assessment of PAH exposure in infants and it could support regulatory efforts to ensure the safety and quality of infant food products with regular monitoring.

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Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Recent advances in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food and water

Recent advances in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food and water

Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction for Determination of Dyes in Food and Water Samples

Development of a highly sensitive method based on QuEChERS and GC–MS/MS for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in infant foods

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