Measurement of Recent Exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes, the Vector of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis, by Using Human Antibody Responses to Sand Fly Saliva

Clements, Meredith F.; Gidwani, Kamlesh; Kumar, Rajiv; Hostomská, Jitka; Dinesh, Diwakar Singh; Kumar, Vijay; Das, Pradeep; Müller, Ingrid; Hamilton, Gordon A.; Volfová, Věra; Boelaert, Marleen; Das, Murari Mohan; Rijal, Suman; Picado, Albert; Volf, Petr; Sundar, Shyam; Davies, Clive R.; Rogers, Matthew E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0336

Cited by 61 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As the EHCs were all close contacts of individuals with VL, we would expect a relatively high frequency of L. donovani infection (3). We also found that these individuals had significantly elevated serological titers of antibodies against P. argentipes saliva compared to the IGRA-negative EHCs or the NEHCs and were comparable to the individuals with active VL, presumably reflecting their greater exposure to sand fly bites and their greater risk of having been exposed to an infected sand fly (7). This finding lends some support to the argument that the EHCs who were scored positive in this assay represent a population of subclinically exposed, immune individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Reassessment of Immune Correlates in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis as Defined by Cytokine Release in Whole Blood

Singh

Gidwani

Kumar

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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106

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ABSTRACTDepressed cell-mediated immunity in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (also known as kala-azar), revealed as the inability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to respond toLeishmaniaantigen, remains a hallmark of and is thought to underlie the progressive nature of this disease. We recently reported the ability of a whole-blood, gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay to detect subclinical infections among healthy individuals living in an area where kala-azar is endemic (Bihar, India) and the surprising result that patients with active VL also secreted significant levels of antigen-specific IFN-γ in this assay. We were interested in ascertaining whether these findings would be true for a larger cohort of subjects and in employing the whole-blood assay to detect additional cytokines that might better correlate with the disease status of infected individuals. We evaluated IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) release in 35 patients with active VL, 54 patients with VL who were cured, 27 patients with other diseases, 52 healthy controls who lived in regions where VL or kala-azar is not endemic (NEHCs [for nonendemic healthy controls]), and 147 healthy controls who lived in regions where kala-azar is endemic (EHCs [for endemic healthy controls]). The cellular responses of the EHCs were correlated with their serological antibody titers againstLeishmania donovaniandPhlebotomus argentipessaliva. The whole-blood cells from the majority of both active (80%) and cured (85%) VL patients, as well as 24% of EHCs with presumed subclinical infections, produced significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ. The findings do not support a severe Th1 response defect in kala-azar. Importantly, only the patients with active VL also produced IL-10, which in conjunction with IFN-γ better reflects the immune responses that distinguish individuals with active disease from cured or subclinically infected, immune individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Reassessment of Immune Correlates in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis as Defined by Cytokine Release in Whole Blood

Singh

Gidwani

Kumar

et al. 2012

Clin Vaccine Immunol

Self Cite

106

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“…aegypti saliva because previous studies have demonstrated that the IgG response is a useful biomarker for exposure to mosquito bites. 16,33,34 Further investigations are therefore needed to establish whether the antibody response to saliva is age dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Antibody Response to Aedes aegypti Saliva in an Urban Population in Bolivia: A New Biomarker of Exposure to Dengue Vector Bites

Doucouré¹,

Mouchet²,

Cournil³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Aedes mosquitoes are important vectors of re-emerging diseases in developing countries, and increasing exposure to Aedes in the developed world is currently a source of concern. Given the limitations of current entomologic methods, there is a need for a new effective way for evaluating Aedes exposure. Our objective was to evaluate specific antibody responses to Aedes aegypti saliva as a biomarker for vector exposure in a dengue-endemic urban area. IgG responses to saliva were strong in young children and steadily waned with age. Specific IgG levels were significantly higher in persons living in sites with higher Ae. aegypti density, as measured by using entomologic parameters. Logistic regression showed a significant correlation between IgG to saliva and exposure level, independently of either age or sex. These results suggest that antibody responses to saliva could be used to monitor human exposure to Aedes bites.

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“…In accordance with previous results obtained by Rohousova and others, 15 we found that all positive sera from naturally exposed children reacted strongly with a 30kDa protein, suggesting that this protein is the major immunodominant antigen of P. papatasi saliva in humans. Clements and others 33 recently highlighted the utility of measuring the antibody response to the saliva of Phlebotomus argentipes to assess the exposure among humans living in endemic areas for leishmaniasis and subsequently to evaluate vector control programs. However, these authors showed the possibility of cross-reactive reactions between different species of sand flies.…”

Section: 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Antibody Response to the Saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in People Living in Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Marzouki¹,

Ahmed²,

Boussoffara³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

109

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Important data obtained in mice raise the possibility that immunization against the saliva of sand flies could protect from leishmaniasis. Sand fly saliva stimulates the production of specific antibodies in individuals living in endemic areas of parasite transmission. To characterize the humoral immune response against the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in humans, we carried out a prospective study on 200 children living in areas of Leishmania major transmission. We showed that 83% of donors carried anti-saliva IgG antibodies, primarily of IgG4 isotype. Positive sera reacted differentially with seven salivary proteins. The protein PpSP30 was prominently recognized by all the sera. The salivary proteins triggered the production of various antibody isotypes. Interestingly, the immunodominant PpSP30 was recognized by all IgG subclasses, whereas PpSP12 was not by IgG4. Immunoproteomic analyses may help to identify the impact of each salivary protein on the L. major infection and to select potential vaccine candidates.

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Measurement of Recent Exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes, the Vector of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis, by Using Human Antibody Responses to Sand Fly Saliva

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

Reassessment of Immune Correlates in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis as Defined by Cytokine Release in Whole Blood

Reassessment of Immune Correlates in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis as Defined by Cytokine Release in Whole Blood

Human Antibody Response to Aedes aegypti Saliva in an Urban Population in Bolivia: A New Biomarker of Exposure to Dengue Vector Bites

Characterization of the Antibody Response to the Saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi in People Living in Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

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