Measurement of right and left ventricular systolic time intervals by echocardiography.

Abstract

Three LVSTI are conventionally measured:'`3 total electromechanical systole (QS2), the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and the pre-ejection period (PEP). QS2 is defined from the onset of ventricular depolarization (Q wave of ECG) to the initial high frequency vibraton of the aortic component of the second heart sound. LVET is derived from the onset of the upstroke of the carotid pulse to the incisural Received June 19, 1974; revision accepted for publication October 10, 1974. 304 notch, and PEP is obtained indirectly by subtracting LVET from QS2. To date, noninvasive assessment of right ventricular performance by measurement of STI has not been possible because of the inability to define accurately the onset of right ventricular ejection. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that right, as well as left, ventricular STI can be measured noninvasively by the use of ultrasound. In addition, patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) were studied because they have a unique reversal of systemic and pulmonic vascular circuits, which permitted evaluation of the effect of this reversal on RV and LVSTI. MethodsThe echocardiograms were obtained with a Hoffrel 101 ultrasonoscope. Simultaneous strip chart recordings of the echocardiogram, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse tracing and ECG were obtained with a Cambridge Multichannel Physiological Recorder, Amplifier Type 72352.The ECG lead which most clearly demonstrated early ventricular depolarization, usually the Q wave, was chosen for timing the onset of electrical systole. The phonocardiogram was recorded with a piezo-electric, high impedance microphone having a frequency band of 100 to 600 cycles per second. Recordings were made at the base of the heart in the higher frequency sound spectrum.The carotid pulse measuring equipment consisted of an electronic amplifier driven by a piezo-electric pulse transducer. The sensing device is a plastic cone connected

Structural and functional affection of the heart in protein energy malnutrition patients on admission and after nutritional recovery

“…LV mass was assessed and indexed to body surface area then compared to the normal which is 60.8712 g/m 2 according to Vogel et al (1991). LV systolic functions were determined as well through estimation of ejection fraction, fractional shortening (considered normal if in the range of 26-46%), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (normal values are in the range between 0.88-1.55 cm/s), pre-ejection/LV ejection ratio (considered normal if the results were in the range between 0.27-0.41 according to Hirschfeld et al 1975) and cardiac output index (normal values are in the range of 2.6-4.2 l/min/m 2 according to Hirschfeld et al 1975). Regarding LV diastolic functions, these were determined through estimation of peak flow rate of E wave, A wave and the ratio between them (e/a ratio), where the normal values are in the range of 50-80 cm/s, 35-50 cm/s and 1-2, respectively, according to Appleton et al (1988).…”

The isovolumic contraction time of the left ventricle. An echographic study.

“…All patients except 14 and 19 were in chronic congestive failure and 13 (3 -5, 8- (table 2) The 19 children with PDA, ages 1 month to 15 years, had a moderate to large left-to-right shunt as judged from clinical examination or cardiac catheterization. Five patients (2,3,6,7,9) were in congestive heart failure and had received digitalis and diuretics.…”

Hemodynamic Changes during Hemodialysis

“…However, decrease in afterload by diminution in peripheral resistance could have reinforced the pumping effectiveness of the heart and thus accelerated the ventricular ejection. LPEP and RPEP did not exhibit consistent changes, which may be due to variations in afterload and preload or myocardial contractility [12,16], Values of SV/ET, ET/PEP. and Pd/ICT.…”