Measurement of S-100 Protein in Human Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid: Analytical Method and Preliminary Clinical Results

Mißler, U.; Wiesmann, Martin

doi:10.1515/cclm.1995.33.10.743

Cited by 45 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Earlier studies concerning the S-100 serum concentration in patients with malignant melanoma reported lower incidences of elevated S-100 serum levels (Fagnart et al, 1988;Missler and Wiesmann, 1995). The assays in these studies were not based on the same technique, did not use the same antibodies and detection limits of 0.15 jig 1-' or higher were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It has been shown that serial determinations of the serum S-1OOB concentration may be of help in the assessment of response to treatment (Bei Guo et al, 1995;Missler and Wiesmann, 1995). In a recent study it was found that in patients with high risk of recurrence and an elevated level of S-1OOB at any moment after initial treatment had a significantly shorter time to relapse than the group with no elevation (Miliotes et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The luminescence immunoassay S-100: a sensitive test to measure circulating S-100B: its prognostic value in malignant melanoma

Bonfrèr

Korse²,

Nieweg³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary In this study we measured S-1i OB using a recently developed luminometric immunoassay with a detection limit of 0.02 gg l-1. By measuring serum S-1O0B concentrations in 58 apparently healthy individuals a reference value of 0.16,ug 1-1 was found. To assess the sensitivity of the assay we measured levels of S-100B protein in the serum of 251 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma before the start of treatment. Only one of 179 patients with limited disease had a serum concentration higher than the reference value, whereas elevated levels were seen in 79% of patients with metastasized disease. In the latter group the NSE serum concentration was elevated in 42%. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve it is shown that S-1 00B is a significantly better parameter than neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for distinguishing patients with limited disease from those with extensive melanoma. Pretreatment S-100B values were highly predictive for the period of survival. Patients with limited disease have increased risk for early death with increasing levels of S-100B protein. Within the group of patients with positive lymph nodes and/or with distant metastases, elevated S-100B levels strongly identified high-risk patients. Our study indicates that the measurement of S-1 QOB as a tumour marker in the management of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma has clinical significance.Keywords: malignant melanoma; serum S-10OB; luminometric assay; sensitivity; survival The use of tumour markers in melanoma was initially limited to the measurement of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), which is the y isoenzyme of the enolase enzyme (Wibe et al, 1990). Results have been disappointing and this assay has not gained a place in the monitoring of patients treated for malignant melanoma. The demonstration that the S-100 protein is expressed in cultured melanoma cells (Gaynor et al, 1980) opened the way for investigations into the presence of the S-100 protein in a variety of tissues. As the protein was initially extracted from brain tissue it was not surprising that the molecule was detected in other tissue apart from melanocytic cells (Cochran et al, 1993). The S-100 protein family belongs to the EFhand proteins, and to date 17 different proteins have been assigned to this family (Schafer and Heizmann, 1996). S-1OOB is formed by homodimers consisting of two P subunits or heterodimers of x and f subunits with equal molecular mass of 10.5 Da. The isoform a,B is found in melanocytes and the DP is found in high concentrations in glial cells and Schwann cells. S-IOOAI (aaox) is found in striated muscle, heart and kidney (Baudier et al, 1986).The function of S-100 is not known exactly but its biochemical properties strongly suggest that it activates cell processes along the Ca2+ signal-transduction pathway (Schafer and Heizmann, 1996). By using monoclonal antibodies against the different isoforms a specific test was developed. Measurement of the S-1 OOB protein in serum has been possible for several years but the assessment of...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The luminescence immunoassay S-100: a sensitive test to measure circulating S-100B: its prognostic value in malignant melanoma

Bonfrèr

Korse²,

Nieweg³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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“…It is a brain-specific protein that is released after TBI. 15,[22][23][24] Increases in serum GFAP levels after TBI have been shown to be predictive of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), reduced mean arterial pressure, low cerebral perfusion pressure, poor Glasgow outcome scores (GOS), and increased mortality. For example, GFAP serum concentrations Ͼ1.5 ng/mL were found to be predictive of death (85% sensitivity; 52% specificity) or poor outcome (GOS at 6 months; 80% sensitivity; 59% specificity).…”

Section: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy for Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2010

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“…4 Increased CSF and plasma levels of S100B have been detected after traumatic brain injury, toxic or ischemic brain damage, and in multiple sclerosis. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] S-100B is also elevated in several kinds of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. 5 Our group showed increased S-100B plasma levels in medicated patients suffering from schizophrenia, 18 whereas Gattaz and colleagues reported decreased S100B concentrations in medicated patients with schizophrenia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased S100B blood levels in unmedicated and treated schizophrenic patients are correlated with negative symptomatology

et al. 2001

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Keywords: nerve tissue protein S100; schizophrenia; antipsychotic agents; negative symptomatology; psychiatric status S100B, a calcium-binding protein produced by astroglial cells, is a marker of astroglial cellular integrity. It has been shown to be increased in acute brain damage and neurodegeneration. A recent study showed increased S100B levels in medicated acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia. The study presented here included 26 drug-free patients with acute schizophrenia and 26 matched healthy controls. S100B blood concentrations were determined using a quantitative immunoassay upon admission and after 6 weeks of neuroleptic treatment. The PANSS was used to investigate psychopathology. Unmedicated schizophrenic patients showed significantly increased S100B levels compared to matched healthy controls. After 6 weeks of treatment, 11 patients showed normal S100B levels while in 15 patients the levels remained increased. These patients showed significantly higher PANSS negative scores upon admission and after 6 weeks of treatment. Schizophrenic patients display a loss of astroglial integrity which is not caused by neuroleptic medication. Continuously increased S100B levels are associated with negative symptomatology. Molecular Psychiatry (2001) 6, 445-449.

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Measurement of S-100 Protein in Human Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid: Analytical Method and Preliminary Clinical Results

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

The luminescence immunoassay S-100: a sensitive test to measure circulating S-100B: its prognostic value in malignant melanoma

The luminescence immunoassay S-100: a sensitive test to measure circulating S-100B: its prognostic value in malignant melanoma

Biomarkers for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy for Traumatic Brain Injury

Increased S100B blood levels in unmedicated and treated schizophrenic patients are correlated with negative symptomatology

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