Measurement of serum Interleukin 34 (IL‐34) and correlation with severity and pruritus scores in client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis

Gow, Deborah J.; Jackson, Hilary A.; Forsythe, Peter; Nuttall, Tim; Gow, Adam; Mellanby, Richard J.; Hume, David

doi:10.1111/vde.12873

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A recent study in atopic dogs reported an increased expression of IL‐34 in the serum as compared with healthy controls and furthermore that this correlated with disease severity 63 . However, concentrations did not decrease after glucocorticoid or oclacitinib therapy.…”

Section: The Aberrant Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…62 A recent study in atopic dogs reported an increased expression of IL-34 in the serum as compared with healthy controls and furthermore that this correlated with disease severity. 63 However, concentrations did not decrease after glucocorticoid or oclacitinib therapy. The authors postulated that this may be linked to IL-34 being produced by damaged keratinocytes rather than immune cells.…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbial Composition Of Atopic Skinmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis

Marsella

2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically inherited clinical syndrome that encompasses a diversity of mechanisms and can have a variety of triggers. Development of clinical disease is the result of genetic factors and environmental conditions, which shape the resulting immunological response. Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved. Skin barrier impairment plays a role in promoting cutaneous dysbiosis and increased allergen penetration. Keratinocytes shape the response of dendritic cells and subsequent lymphocytic response. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is one of the links between the damaged skin barrier and the modulation of a T‐helper (Th)2 response. It is still unclear whether mutations in skin barrier genes exist in atopic dogs, as they do in humans, or whether the observed alterations are purely secondary to inflammation. A dysregulated immune response with increased Th2, Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells has been reported. A variety of cytokines [interleukin(IL)‐31, IL‐34, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor] are proposed as potential biomarkers and treatment targets because they are increased in the serum of atopic dogs when compared to controls, although a correlation between serum levels of these factors and severity of disease is not always present. The main issue with many published studies is that atopic dogs are always only compared to normal controls. Thus, it is unclear whether the changes that we find are truly a signature of cAD or merely a manifestation of nonspecific broad inflammatory responses. Studies considering comparison with other inflammatory diseases different from cAD are urgently needed to correctly identify what is specific to this complicated syndrome.

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Section: The Aberrant Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: The Role Of the Microbial Composition Of Atopic Skinmentioning

confidence: 90%

Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis

Marsella

2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…Treatment response may be inversely related to the severity of skin lesions in CAD (9,14,24). Because the skin lesions in the lokivetmab group were more severe than those in the oclacitinib group at the start of the study, it may be difficult to compare the clinical efficacy of these drugs in improving skin lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Efficacy of Oclacitinib and Lokivetmab in Dogs with Canine Atopic Dermatitis

et al. 2021

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Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic skin disease presenting characteristic clinical features in dogs. Despite oclacitinib and lokivetmab being commonly used, no study has compared their efficacies in CAD. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and control of CAD-associated pruritus and skin lesions between oclacitinib and lokivetmab. It also investigated whether switching to lokivetmab from oclacitinib or prednisolone had any benefits. Twenty-five client-owned dogs, newly diagnosed with CAD, were allocated to the oclacitinib (n = 20) and lokivetmab (n = 5) groups and administered oclacitinib (0.4-0.6 mg/kg orally, twice daily for 14 days, then once daily) and lokivetmab (2 mg/kg subcutaneously, every month) for 8 weeks, respectively. The switching group included five dogs previously administered with oclacitinib (n = 4) or prednisolone (n = 1) who were switched to lokivetmab directly at the start of the study. The pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS) and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-04) values were surveyed at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Oclacitinib and lokivetmab significantly reduced the PVAS and CADE-SI-04 scores. Switching from oclacitinib or prednisolone to lokivetmab maintained the severity of pruritus (4 weeks: p = 0.068; 8 weeks: p = 0.068) and dermatitis (4 weeks: p = 0.144; 8 weeks: p = 0.068) at the levels measured at baseline. Thus, both oclacitinib and lokivetmab reduced CAD-associated pruritus by a similar degree. Switching to lokivetmab maintained the severity of pruritus and dermatitis at the same level as the previous treatment.

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“…By contrast, client-owned dogs with AD showed significantly higher serum IL-34 concentrations compared to healthy dogs with a significant positive correlation with CADESI-04 and pVAS scores. 108 These results may indicate a different role of IL-34 in canine compared to human AD. However, concentrations of IL-34 remained increased in atopic dogs during glucocorticoid or oclacitinib treatment despite the clinical improvement, 108 which may suggest that IL-34 is not of major importance in the pathogenesis of cAD.…”

Section: Interleukin-34mentioning

confidence: 95%

Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis

Tamamoto-Mochizuki

Santoro

Saridomichelakis

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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BackgroundCytokines and chemokines play central roles in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Numerous studies have been published and provide new insights into their roles in cAD.ObjectivesTo summarise the research updates on the role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015.Material and MethodsOnline citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on cytokines and chemokines relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed.ResultsAdvances in technologies have allowed the simultaneous analysis of a broader range of cytokines and chemokines, which revealed an upregulation of a multipolar immunological axis (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22) in cAD. Most studies focused on specific cytokines, which were proposed as potential novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for cAD, such as interleukin‐31. Most other cytokines and chemokines had inconsistent results, perhaps as a consequence of their varied involvement in the pathogenesis of different endotypes of cAD.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceInconsistent results for many cytokines and chemokines illustrate the difficulty of studying the complex cytokine and chemokine networks in cAD, and highlight the need for more comprehensive and structured studies in the future.

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Measurement of serum Interleukin 34 (IL‐34) and correlation with severity and pruritus scores in client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis

Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis

Clinical Efficacy of Oclacitinib and Lokivetmab in Dogs with Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis

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