Measurement of Short-Chain Carbohydrates in Common Australian Vegetables and Fruits by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Abstract

Fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are short-chain carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed by the small intestine and may have a wide range of effects on gastrointestinal processes. FODMAPs include lactose, fructose in excess of glucose, fructans and fructooligosaccharides (FOS, nystose, kestose), galactooligosaccharides (GOS, raffinose, stachyose), and sugar polyols (sorbitol, mannitol). This paper describes an analytical approach based on HPLC with ELSD that quantifies the major FODMAPs in 45 vegetables and 41 fruits. Sorbitol and/or mannitol were measured in 18 vegetables (range = 0.09-2.96 g/100 g of fw), raffinose and/or stachyose in 7 vegetables (0.08-0.68 g/100 g of fw), and nystose and/or kestose in 19 vegetables (0.02-0.71 g/100 g of fw). Apple, pear, mango, clingstone peach, and watermelon all contained fructose in excess of glucose. Sorbitol was measured in 15 fruits (0.53-5.99 g/100 g of fw), mannitol was found in 2 fruits, and nystose or kestose was measured in 8 fruits. Understanding the importance of dietary FODMAPs will be greatly assisted by comprehensive food composition data.

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire to measure intakes of inulin and oligofructose

“…The standard food composition data available at the time of FFQ development were used (Van Loo et al, 1995), and were consistent with that used in the two previous dietary surveys ( Van Loo et al, 1995;Moshfegh et al, 1999). Subsequently published food composition data have not identified additional major dietary sources of inulin and oligofructose (Muir et al, 2007(Muir et al, , 2009.…”

“…Accurate data are available only for the major food commodity sources (Van Loo et al, 1995;Campbell et al, 1997), although recent data have reported the inulin content of selected Australian fruits and vegetables (Muir et al, 2007(Muir et al, , 2009). However, there remains little data for composite foods.…”

The Low FODMAP Diet and Its Application in East and Southeast Asia

“…Accurate information about the FODMAP content of foods requires detailed analysis using well established techniques. 35,36 Figure 1. Relative fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) ratings of common cereals and grains (based on a typical serve).…”

Development and optimization of a HPLC-RI method for the determination of major sugars in apple juice and evaluation of the effect of the ripening stage

“…Among the components determined using HPLC are carbohydrates (Chávez-Servín et al, 2004;Muir et al, 2009), organic acids (Chinnici et al, 2005Lima et al, 2010), lipids (Puoci et al, 2008), vitamins (Speek et al, 1986;Rodriguez et al, 2012), colorants (Vidotti, et al, 2006;Ma et al, 2006), amino acids and peptides (Zhang et al, 2010;Garai-Ibade et al, 2012), mycotoxins (Kawashima & Soares,maintained at 80 °C and the detector at 50 °C. Sample detection was performed by comparing retention times standards.…”