Measurement of Sprinkler Droplet Size

DeBoer, Darrell W.; Monnens, M. J.; Kincaid, D. C.

doi:10.13031/2013.1931

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This approach to simulate irrigation was conducted because of logistical considerations for the research area and experimental design. Furthermore, the output rate and droplet size produced by the nozzle-pressure combination fall within the spectrum delivered by various commercially available rotary style irrigation heads used on golf courses (DeBoer et al, 2001;Kincaid et al, 1996;TeeJet, 2011). Areas were not mowed the day of treatment and were irrigated again to field capacity the night following application, at which time routine management practices resumed.…”

Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

2016

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Nematodes are microscopic, soil‐dwelling organisms that adversely affect many turfgrass systems, including golf course putting greens. Abamectin controls many nematode species in golf course putting greens; however, high sorption to accumulated organic matter near the soil surface in established turfgrass systems may limit its distribution in soil, thereby limiting its efficacy. Field research was conducted on ‘A1/A4’ creeping bentgrass and ‘Champion’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens to evaluate abamectin distribution in soil following treatment regimens including abamectin application (37 g a.i. ha–1) alone, or tank‐mixed with soil surfactant (Revolution) in tandem with various irrigation timings to promote downward distribution. Laboratory research was also conducted to evaluate 14C‐abamectin soil distribution via treatments comprised of various combinations of simulated irrigation amounts and timings, as well as soil surfactant type (Dispatch or Qualibra) and timing with respect to abamectin application. Abamectin distributed similarly in soil across turfgrass species in field research. At 7 d after treatment (DAT), all irrigation–soil surfactant regimens increased abamectin distribution to the 0‐ to 2.5‐cm soil depth compared with broadcast spray alone; however, no evaluated regimen resulted in >2% of the applied abamectin movement beyond 2.5 cm. In laboratory experiments, 14C‐abamectin soil distribution was affected most by soil surfactant at 3 DAT, with Qualibra increasing distribution (8.2 to 18.4% of applied) to 7.5 cm depth compared with Dispatch or no surfactant. As in field research, irrigation amounts and timings generally affected 14C‐abamectin similarly. This research highlights practices to enhance distribution into the profile, thereby increasing bioavailability and efficacy.

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Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

2016

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“…Irrigation was applied following azoxystrobin application with an eightnozzle boom equipped with 8008 XR VS flat-fan nozzles that was calibrated at 172 kPa to deliver 0.6 cm H 2 O plot −1 over four passes. The nozzle-pressure combination was chosen to yield droplet size spectra that falls within the spectrum delivered by commercially available impact-and rotary-style irrigation systems (DeBoer et al, 2001;Kincaid et al, 1996;TeeJet, 2011). Finally, select climatic parameters, including air temperature, dew point, relative humidity, and wind speed, were recorded with an on-site weather station throughout the trial period to be correlated with dislodgeable azoxystrobin.…”

Section: Experiments Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, application timing, and postapplication irrigation timing affect dislodgeable azoxystrobin from turfgrass

Maxwell

Gannon

2021

Agronomy Journal

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Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide used widely in turfgrass systems, including lawns. Previous research has shown that various management practices influence pesticide dislodgement from turfgrass; however, limited research has been performed to determine their effect on azoxystrobin dislodge. A field experiment was conducted in Raleigh, NC, to quantify dislodgeable azoxystrobin (0.61 kg ai ha −1 ) foliar residue from tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] across formulations (sprayable or granular), application timings (AM [0700 h Eastern Standard Time] or PM [1400 h Eastern Standard Time]), and postapplication irrigation timings (4 or 48 h after treatment [HAT]). Sample collection occurred 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, or 16 d after treatment (DAT). Evaluated management practices affected dislodgeable azoxystrobin, most notably from 1 to 4 DAT. Sprayable azoxystrobin applied in the PM resulted in greater azoxystrobin dislodged (1.0-8.0% of applied) compared with AM (0.3-5.5%), which were both greater than granular azoxystrobin applied in the AM or PM (<0.1-2.8%) from 1 to 4 DAT. Within sprayable azoxystrobin, five times greater azoxystrobin was dislodged by delaying postapplication irrigation until 48 HAT (1.2-11.8% of applied) compared with irrigation 4 HAT (0.2-1.2%) from 1 to 4 DAT. Information from this study improves our understanding of factors affecting pesticide dislodge and can be incorporated into turfgrass management strategies to minimize potential human pesticide exposure.

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“…Two vertically disposed CCD cameras inside the instrument made linear scans of droplets passing through the test area and recorded individual drop state parameter. Equation (1) was used to calculate the impact kinetic energy intensity of each measurement point [27][28][29]. The measurement points of the radial distribution of the impact kinetic energy intensity were arranged in the same way as those of the catch cans.…”

Section: Radial Distribution Of Sprinkler Intensity and Impact Kinetimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Sinusoidal Oscillating Water Flow on Sprinkler and Impact Kinetic Energy Intensities of Laterally-Moving Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Zhang

Song

Zhu

2019

Water

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Laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems under low pressure experience problems including small spraying range, low uniformity, surface runoff, and low water utilization rate. To solve these problems, experiments were carried out on a laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation system using a Nelson D3000 sprinkler (Nelson Irrigation Co., Walla Walla, WA, USA) under low pressure, sinusoidal oscillating water flow. The sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity distribution were investigated for sprinklers both static and in motion. The test data were used to calculate combined sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity uniformity for different nozzle spacings, and were compared with constant water pressure test results. It was found that sinusoidal oscillating water flow can effectively increase spraying range, as well as reducing the peak value of the sprinkler intensity and impact kinetic energy intensity. Within an optimal range of amplitude and nozzle spacing, sinusoidal oscillating water flow significantly improves the combined sprinkler intensity, impact kinetic energy intensity uniformity, and the spraying quality of laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems under low pressure conditions. When the average water pressure is 100 kPa, the optimal range of amplitude of sinusoidal oscillating flow applied to the laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation system is 50–60 kPa. When the amplitude is 50 kPa, the optimal nozzle spacing is 3.5–4 m; when the amplitude is 60 kPa, the optimal nozzle spacing is 3.5–4.5 m. The related parameters can provide a reference for the application of sinusoidal oscillating water flow in laterally-moving sprinkler irrigation systems.

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Measurement of Sprinkler Droplet Size

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

Irrigation and Soil Surfactants Affect Abamectin Distribution in Soil

Formulation, application timing, and postapplication irrigation timing affect dislodgeable azoxystrobin from turfgrass

The Influence of Sinusoidal Oscillating Water Flow on Sprinkler and Impact Kinetic Energy Intensities of Laterally-Moving Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

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