Measurement of Stigma in People with HIV: A Reexamination of the HIV Stigma Scale

Bunn, Janice Y.; Solomon, Samuel; Miller, Carol T.; Forehand, Rex

doi:10.1521/aeap.2007.19.3.198

Cited by 209 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We assessed internalized HIV stigma using the negative self-image subscale of the HIV Stigma Scale [36,37]; higher scores indicated higher levels of stigma (Cronbach's alpha 0.875). Selfreported antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in the previous 7 days was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS).…”

Section: Hiv-specific Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive and Medically Appropriate Food Support Is Associated with Improved HIV and Diabetes Health

et al. 2017

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Food insecurity is associated with negative chronic health outcomes, yet few studies have examined how providing medically appropriate food assistance to food-insecure individuals may improve health outcomes in resource-rich settings. We evaluated a communitybased food support intervention in the San Francisco Bay Area for people living with HIV and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of the intervention on nutritional, mental health, disease management, healthcare utilization, and physical health outcomes. The 6-month intervention provided meals and snacks designed to comprise 100% of daily energy requirements and meet nutritional guidelines for a healthy diet. We assessed paired outcomes at baseline and 6 months using validated measures. Paired t tests and McNemar exact tests were used with continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively, to compare pre-post changes. Fifty-two participants (out of 72 initiators) had both baseline and follow-up assessments, including 23 with HIV, 24 with T2DM, and 7 with both HIV and T2DM. Median food pick-up adherence was 93%. Comparing baseline to follow-up, very low food security decreased from 59.6% to 11.5% (p < 0.0001). Frequency of consumption of fats (p = 0.003) decreased, while frequency increased for fruits and vegetables (p = 0.011). Among people with diabetes, frequency of sugar consumption decreased (p = 0.006). We also observed decreased depressive symptoms (p = 0.028) and binge drinking (p = 0.008). At follow-up, fewer participants sacrificed food for healthcare (p = 0.007) or prescriptions (p = 0.046), or sacrificed healthcare for food (p = 0.029). Among people with HIV, 95% adherence to antiretroviral therapy increased from 47 to 70% (p = 0.046). Among people with T2DM, diabetes distress (p < 0.001), and perceived diabetes self-management (p = 0.007) improved. Comprehensive, medically appropriate food support is feasible and may improve multiple health outcomes for food-insecure individuals living with chronic health conditions. Future studies should formally test the impact of medically appropriate food support interventions for food-insecure populations through rigorous, randomized controlled designs.

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Section: Hiv-specific Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive and Medically Appropriate Food Support Is Associated with Improved HIV and Diabetes Health

et al. 2017

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“…For example, the direct negative effects on mental and emotional health of people suffering from HIV/AIDS (Link, Struening, Rahav, Phelan & Nuttbrock 1997;Logie & Gadalla 2009;Minior, Galea, Stuber, Ahern & Ompad 2003;Young, Stuber, Ahern & Galea 2005), key obstacles to use HIV services, including delays in receiving care from health centers (Alonzo & Reynolds 1995;Chesney & Smith 1999;Fortenberry et al 2002;Holzemer et al 2007), increasing feelings of hopelessness and despair (Buseh & Stevens 2006), increase rates of depression (Berger, Ferrans & Lashley 2001;Vanable, Carey, Blair & Littlewood 2006;Wright, Naar-King, Lam, Templin & Frey 2007), low selfesteem (Berger et al 2001;Bunn, Solomon, Miller & Forehand 2007;Vanable et al 2006;Wright et al 2007), disorders in mental health (Mak, Poon, Pun & Cheung 2007), participation in risky sexual behaviors (Kinsler, Wong, Sayles, Davis & Cunningham 2007;Sayles et al 2008;Vanable et al 2006), and a negative impact on the illness behavior of people suffering from HIV, for example; no interest to look for centers to do HIV testing and no adherence to the medical regimen (Butt 2008;Fortenberry et al 2002;Pascoe & Smart Richman 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public perceptions about HIV/AIDS and discriminatory attitudes toward people living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Iran

Masoudnia

2015

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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Negative and discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are one of the biggest experienced challenges by people suffering from HIV, and these attitudes have been regarded as a serious threat to the fundamental rights of all infected people who are affected or associated with this disease in Iran. This study aimed to determine the relationship between public perception about HIV/AIDS and discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA . The present study was conducted using a descriptive and survey design. Data were collected from 450 patients (236 male and 214 female) in Tehran and Yazd cities. The research instruments were modified HIV-related knowledge/attitude and perception questions about PLWHA, and discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA. The results showed that prevalence of discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA in the studied population was 60.0%. There was a significant negative correlation between citizens' awareness about HIV/AIDS, HIV-related attitudes, negative perception toward people with HIV/AIDS symptoms and their discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA (p , .01). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that components of public perception about HIV/AIDS explained for 23.7% of the variance of discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA. Negative public perceptions about HIV/AIDS in Iran associated with discriminatory attitudes toward PLWHA and cultural beliefs in Iran tend to stigmatize and discriminate against the LWHA.Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, negative perception, discriminatory attitudes, Iran RésuméLes attitudes négatives et discriminatoires envers les personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA (PVAVS) sont l'un des plus grands défis vécus par les personnes souffrant du VIH, et ces attitudes ont été considérées comme une grave menace pour les droits fondamentaux de toutes les personnes infectées qui sont touchés ou associés à cette maladie en Iran. Cette étude visait à déterminer la relation entre la perception du public sur le VIH/SIDA et les attitudes discriminatoires à l'égard des PVAVS (personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA). La présente étude a été réalisée en utilisant une conception descriptive et enquête. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 450 patients (236 hommes et 214 femmes) à Téhéran et dans les villes de Yazd. Les instruments de recherche ont été modifiés connaissances/attitudes et perceptions des questions liées au VIH, et environ PVAVS attitudes discriminatoires envers les PVAVS. Les résultats ont montré que la prévalence des attitudes discriminatoires envers les PVAVS dans la population étudiée était de 60,0%. Il y avait une corrélation négative significative entre la sensibilisation des citoyens sur le VIH/SIDA, les attitudes liées au VIH, la perception négative envers les personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA symptômes et leurs attitudes discriminatoires envers les PVAVS (p , ,01). L'analyse de régression multiple hiérarchique a montré que les composants de la perception du public sur le VIH/SIDA a expliqué...

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“…The instrument (and various short forms) has been found to have good internal consistency reliability in African Americans (Rao et al, 2007;Wright et al, 2007) and a rural population of predominantly white men living in New England (Bunn et al, 2007). However, the development of the instrument did not include direct input from HIV-positive women and men, such as interviews or focus groups to inform item content or formal cognitive interviewing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Multidimensional Measure of Internalized HIV Stigma in a Sample of HIV-positive Adults

Sayles¹,

Hays

Sarkisian³

et al. 2008

AIDS Behav

170

153

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There is a need for a psychometrically sound measure of the stigma experienced by diverse persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a multidimentional measure of internalized HIV stigma that captures stigma related to treatment and other aspects of the disease among sociodemographically diverse PLHA. We developed a 28-item measure of internalized HIV stigma composed of four scales based on previous qualitative work. Internal consistency reliability estimates in a sample of 202 PLHA was 0.93 for the overall measure, and exceeded 0.85 for three of the four stigma scales. Items discriminated well across scales, and correlations of the scales with shame, social support, and mental health supported construct validity. This measure should prove useful to investigators examining in the role of stigma in HIV treatment and health outcomes, and evaluating interventions designed to mitigate the impacts of stigma on PLHA.

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Measurement of Stigma in People with HIV: A Reexamination of the HIV Stigma Scale

Cited by 209 publications

References 25 publications

Comprehensive and Medically Appropriate Food Support Is Associated with Improved HIV and Diabetes Health

Comprehensive and Medically Appropriate Food Support Is Associated with Improved HIV and Diabetes Health

Public perceptions about HIV/AIDS and discriminatory attitudes toward people living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Iran

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Multidimensional Measure of Internalized HIV Stigma in a Sample of HIV-positive Adults

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