Measurement of Team Behaviors in a Navy Environment

Evaluating the effects of team-skills training on subjective workload

“…The "Team Evaluation and Maturation Model" of teamwork (Morgan, Glickman, Woodard, Blaiwes, & Salas, 1986) distinguishes between two necessary elements of effective group activity, namely "team work" and "task work". Morgan et al (1986) define "task work" as being group members' interactions with the task itself including all of those things usually associated with individual workload.…”

“…Morgan et al (1986) define "task work" as being group members' interactions with the task itself including all of those things usually associated with individual workload. In contrast, "team work" relates to those interactions that arise out of the necessity to work with others in order to communicate and coordinate the group effort.…”

“…The theory recognises that the cognitive and attentional resources available to learners are limited and aims to promote learning by designing the educational environment in ways that attenuate task demands (Beckman, 2010). Moreno (2009) has proposed that the additional processes that result from the use of collaborative methods are likely to increase the experience of cognitive load, a comment that reflects the views of those working in teamwork domains (Beith, 1987;Bowers et al, 1997;Morgan et al, 1986). Therefore, finding ways of designing CL environments that prevent cognitive overload by reducing the demands associated with this method of learning is an important aim for research.…”

Team-skills training enhances collaborative learning

“…For example, models of team performance such as the team evaluation and maturation model (Morgan, Glickman, Woodard, Blaiwes, & Salas, 1986) argue that in addition to acquiring the necessary team skills, in order to reach optimum performance the group must also develop into a cohesive unit and gain a shared understanding of each others' roles. In some related work, Cannon-Bowers, Tannenbaum, Salas, and Volpe (1995) argued that to be effective, team members must have both generic and specific team competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes).…”

Development of extended speech act coding scheme to observe communication characteristics of human operators of nuclear power plants under abnormal conditions

“…For this reason, since the 1950s teams and teamwork have been researched in many fields of study, such as organizational psychology, sociology, social psychology, management, etc (Morgan, Glickman, Woodard, Blaiwes, & Salas, 1986;Rifkind, 1996;Vicki, Anton, & Michele, 2000). In addition, as communication is an important means of exchanging information between individuals/ teams, and an auxiliary means of sharing the resources and information given in the team and the group activity (Schlicter, Koch, & Burger, 1997), effective communication is a prerequisite for good teamwork by establishing a sharing mental model (Hoegl & Gemuenden, 2001).…”