Measurement of Temafloxacin in Human Scalp Hair as an Index of Drug Exposure

Kondo, Kazunao; Yano, Shigeru; Yamaguchi, Tai; Umemura, Kazuo; Nakashima, Mitsuyoshi

doi:10.1002/jps.2600830111

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Human scalp hair has been used to measure individual exposure to heavy metals, such as mercury and lead, as well as many drugs of abuse and other pharmaceuticals. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The analysis of hair for drugs of abuse has been used in clinical and research settings, in forensic settings for postmortem examinations, and as an adjunct to workplace urine drug testing programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Drugs for the Treatment of Substance Abuse into Pigmented and Nonpigmented Hair

Wilkins¹,

Valdez²,

Nagasawa³

et al. 1998

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Hair analysis for drugs may be useful for the long-term monitoring of recidivism and treatment compliance. L-alpha-Acetylmethadol, buprenorphine, and methadone are drugs that are used for the treatment of substance abuse. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between dose, plasma concentration, hair concentration, and hair pigmentation for these compounds and their major metabolites in an animal model. Male Long-Evans rats received either L-alpha-acetylmethadol (1 and 3 mg/kg; n = 6), buprenorphine (1 and 3 mg/kg; n = 5), or methadone (4 and 8 mg/kg; n = 5) by intraperitoneal injection daily for 5 days. Fourteen days after beginning drug administration, newly grown hair was collected and analyzed for either L-alpha-acetylmethadol and two metabolites (L-alpha-acetyl-N-normethadol and L-alpha-acetyl-N,N-dinormethadol), methadone and two metabolites (D,L-2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolinium and D,L-2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline), or buprenorphine and one metabolite (norbuprenorphine). The plasma time course (AUC) for each compound was also determined after a single administration of each drug at the specified doses. There was an approximate dose-dependent increase in measured hair concentration of each parent drug in pigmented hair. The concentrations of L-alpha-acetylmethadol, methadone, and buprenorphine in nonpigmented hair were significantly less than that measured in pigmented hair at either the high or low dose. The metabolites L-alpha-acetyl-N-normethadol and D,L-2-ethyl-1,5dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolinium were detected at lower concentrations than their respective parent compounds (L-alpha-acetylmethadol or methadone) in pigmented hair. However, the L-alpha-acetyl-N,N-dinormethadol metabolite concentrations in pigmented hair were significantly greater than those of the parent drug after either the low or the high L-alpha-acetylmethadol dose. These data demonstrate that L-alpha-acetylmethadol, methadone, buprenorphine, and metabolites are distributed into hair in a dose-related manner with a preference for pigmented hair.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Drugs for the Treatment of Substance Abuse into Pigmented and Nonpigmented Hair

Wilkins¹,

Valdez²,

Nagasawa³

et al. 1998

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Hair analysis is able to provide information reflecting the in vivo concentration changes of endogenous and/or exogenous substances, chemicals, drugs, toxicants, etc. [14][15][16][17]25]. Since the compounds with relatively short lifetime and low concentration in blood are time-dependently entrapped and concentrated in hair, they are detectable for a long time and hair-segmental analysis indicates the personal history concerning drug addiction, chemical exposure and pathological state.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beta-carbolines are contained in biological samples together with structurally related compounds and at low concentrations (pg/ml to ng/ml levels), requiring a very specific and sensitive method for their quantitation [20,23,24]. Hair samples have been routinely digested by heating in 0.1-1.0 M HCl or NaOH at 56-80 • C for 0.5-12 h [14,15,25]. However, such digestive conditions are not necessarily favorable for the stability of ␤-carbolines and possibly promote their artifactual production [19,20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair analysis is useful for detecting the in vivo changes of biochemicals as well as for drug monitoring and forensic toxicology [14][15][16]. However, no data on the detection of ␤-carbolines in hair samples are found in the literature, although they have the property amenable to incorporation into hair and the possibility to be biomarkers of alcohol abuse, chemical exposure, and psychiatric and neurological diseases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of β-carbolines in human scalp hair

Tsuchiya

2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…We have shown that an ingested drug, whether administered continuously or intermittently, is deposited in hair in proportion to the dose and that it is captured there, moving outwards along the shaft as the hair grows [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Therefore, it may be possible to consider a strand of hair as a "tape-recorder," which continuously stores all the data about the drug exposure of individual over the past several months, or possibly years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ofloxacin as a time marker in hair analysis for monitoring the dosage history of haloperidol

Nakano

Sato

Kosuge

et al. 1994

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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Hair samples were obtained 1-5 months after ingestion of the antimicrobial ofloxacin, which had been given for 1 or 3 days at the commencement of haloperidol administration, or when its dosage was reduced. The axial distribution of ofloxacin, haloperidol and its active metabolite, reduced haloperidol, was analysed in segments from single strands of hair. Ofloxacin was detected where the content of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol along the hair shaft showed a sharp change, corresponding to the change in dose. When we matched the time scale of the dosage history to the growth rate, which was estimated using ofloxacin as the time marker, the distribution of the haloperidol and reduced haloperidol precisely coincided with the rise and fall in the dose of haloperidol. These findings demonstrate that ofloxacin can serve as a time marker when drug distribution along the hair shaft is used to obtain the drug exposure history of an individual.

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Measurement of Temafloxacin in Human Scalp Hair as an Index of Drug Exposure

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Incorporation of Drugs for the Treatment of Substance Abuse into Pigmented and Nonpigmented Hair

Incorporation of Drugs for the Treatment of Substance Abuse into Pigmented and Nonpigmented Hair

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of β-carbolines in human scalp hair

Using ofloxacin as a time marker in hair analysis for monitoring the dosage history of haloperidol

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