Measurement of the activity of sodium in sodium + lead alloys by use of β-alumina

Fray, Derek J.; Savory, B.

doi:10.1016/0021-9614(75)90278-5

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Betaalumina has been applied as a solid electrolyte for various kinds of investigations in the materials science and metallurgy fields. A typical application in metallurgy is the measurement of the thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), as shown in Table I. Using the beta-alumina solid electrolyte, the in situ preparation of the liquid alloy with a desired composition is possible by means of a coulometric titration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ion Selectivity of Beta‐Alumina during the Coulometric Titration of Liquid Pb‐Na Alloys

Itoh

Kozuka

1988

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The ion selectivity of 8-and 8"-alumina during the coulometric titration of a liquid Na-Pb alloy was investigated using a double galvanic cell Mo, Na(1) I ~-, or ~"-alumina 1Pb-Na(1), Mo [I] Mo, Pb-Na(1) I ~"-alumina IAu + Au2Na(s), Mo [I'] where Pb-Na(1) was used as the common electrode. Sodium was coulometrically titrated through the ~-or 8"-alumina electrolyte to cell [I] both ways and EMF's were measured. It was found that no reaction occurs between the Pb-Na alloy and the 8-and 8"-alumina and only Na was transferred in the 8-and ~"-alumina during the coulometric titrations. Thermodynamic stabilities of ~-and ~'-alumina in both liquid Pb and liquid PbCI~ are discussed based on the thermodynamic data.Beta-alumina (g-, and ~"-alumina) is a typical Na § ion conductor. The crystal structures of ~-and ~"-alumina differ from each other and the difference is characterized by the structures of spinel block and conduction plane. Betaalumina has been applied as a solid electrolyte for various kinds of investigations in the materials science and metallurgy fields. A typical application in metallurgy is the measurement of the thermodynamic properties of liquid alloys (1-15), as shown in Table I. Using the beta-alumina solid electrolyte, the in situ preparation of the liquid alloy with a desired composition is possible by means of a coulometric titration. The coulometric titration method has also been applied in several investigations (4-8, 10-14) as shown in Table I. In these investigations, coulometric titration was carried out only in the direction from pure Na to the Na-M(M = Cd, Ga, In, Sn, Cs, Hg, T1, Pb, Bi) alloys in order to change the liquid alloy composition. Therefore, the ion selectivity during the coulometric titration was not known. Fray (16, 17) used Ga § and In § to purify Ga and In, respectively. A small amount of alloying elements other than Ga and In passed through the Ga § and In+-~-alumina. Na § ions in the single-crystals of 8-and 8"-alumina can be completely ion exchanged by Pb 2 § ion (18-21) with the ionic conductivity of the pb2 § the highest of all the divalent ~"-alumina (19). Na § ions in the polycrystaUine ~"-alumina also can be easily ion exchanged by Pb z § ion in a molten salt (22,23).This study was undertaken to obtain information on the stability of ~-and ~"-alumina involved in the application of the purification and separation of liquid alloys. As a first step, the ion selectivity of polycrystalline ~-and ~"-alumina during the coulometric titration experiments was investigated using a galvanic cell with a liquid Pb-Na alloy electrode. ExperimentalExperimental principle.--The following double galvanic cell was assembled and the EMF's were measured Mo, Na(1) I ~-, or ~"-alumina IPb-Na(1), Mo [I] Mo, Pb-Na(1)l ~"-alumina IAu + Au2Na(s), Mo [I']The Pb-Na was used as the common electrode. Sodium was transferred between the Na and the Pb-Na electrodes by the coulometric titration.Regarding the reaction between beta-alumina and Pb-Na alloy during the coulometric titration experiment, t...

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Ion Selectivity of Beta‐Alumina during the Coulometric Titration of Liquid Pb‐Na Alloys

Itoh

Kozuka

1988

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…1-Diagrammatic layout of the cell. [7] Fig. 2-The electromotive force plotted against the mole fraction x of sodium in the sodium ϩ lead alloy.…”

Section: Measurement Of Species That Form Cation Species In Solidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-The electromotive force plotted against the mole fraction x of sodium in the sodium ϩ lead alloy. [7] accurate control of the sodium concentration is crucial. A design, very similar to that described for the measurement of sodium in lead, is used to measure the sodium in molten alu- Fig.…”

Section: Measurement Of Species That Form Cation Species In Solidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the cell arrangement outlined earlier, where sodium is held inside a beta alumina tube and the tube is dipped into a sodium-lead alloy, it is possible to measure the potential, using a high-impedance voltmeter, and to determine the activity of sodium in lead. [7] If the alloy is sealed within the tube, it is possible to alter the composition purely by passing a current through the electrolyte, making it a very convenient way to determine activities over the whole composition range. Figure 1 shows the experimental arrangement, and Figure 2 shows the results for the sodium-lead system.…”

Section: Measurement Of Species That Form Cation Species In Solidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of solid electrolytes in the determination of activities and the development of sensors

Fray

2003

Metall Mater Trans B

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Solid electrolytes have been known for decades, but it is only recently that the drive to develop new methods of electricity generation and storage has led to the development of new solid electrolytes. This article discusses the use of solid electrolytes in the measurement of activities of solutes, dissolved in molten metals, and the development of sensors that may find industrial application for on-line measurements in the metallurgical industry.

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“…(3)(6)(22)- (26) in Table 1. As shown in this (14) is obtained from the following equation, (1) and (2). The emf's of the cell(III) can be related to the difference in the activity between Na2O.11Al2O3 and Na2O • aAl2O3 or Na2O .…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of Na<SUB>2</SUB>O Activity in Beta-Alumina by EMF Method

Itoh

Kozuka

1985

Trans. JIM

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Measurement of the activity of sodium in sodium + lead alloys by use of β-alumina

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Ion Selectivity of Beta‐Alumina during the Coulometric Titration of Liquid Pb‐Na Alloys

Ion Selectivity of Beta‐Alumina during the Coulometric Titration of Liquid Pb‐Na Alloys

The use of solid electrolytes in the determination of activities and the development of sensors

Measurement of Na<SUB>2</SUB>O Activity in Beta-Alumina by EMF Method

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