Measurement of the activity of boron in liquid copper using a four-phase equilibrium technique

Abstract

in the A steel than in the B steel, and thus, the yield strength POSCO; and Mr. Jae Eul Kim, Mijoo Steel Co., for their drop in the A steel is twice that of the B steel (43 MPa vs helpful discussion on spiral piping and macrostructural 22 MPa) under the strain of piping ( Figure 5). This yield analysis. strength drop can be explained by the pinning of mobile dislocations due to the presence of fine Nb(C,N) carboni-REFERENCES trides, as suggested by Seeger et al. [11] In the A steel, Ti(C,N) carbonitrides due to the Ti addition here additionally promote 1.

Boron in copper: A perfect misfit in the bulk and cohesion enhancer at a grain boundary

“…Here, we seem to arrive at the same conclusion although for different reasons as elastic strain does not exist in liquids. Our finding might still be relevant to the processing of the experimental data on copper-boron melts as the solid alloy in these studies is customarily assumed to be an ideal 27 or regular 28 solution of fully dissociated impurity atoms.…”

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cu-B System Supported by Key Experiment and First-Principles Calculations

“…Figure 4 presents the calculated enthalpy of mixing of liquid phase at 1108°C with liquid Cu and solid B being [13] is good. Figure 5 shows the calculated activities of B and Cu in liquid phase at 1450°C versus the experimental data from Jacob et al [3] The experimental data of Batalin et al [14] and Yukinobu et al, [15] which were not used in the optimization, were also plotted in Fig. 5.…”

“…One part was used for the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES, ADVANTAGE-1000, TJA) measurements in order to obtain an accurate alloy composition. Portions of the second part were wrapped with Mo filaments, sealed in evacuated quartz capsules, and then annealed at two different temperatures (1000°C for 265 h Liquidus and eutectic point [4] TA • [6] TA h [7] TA n This work DTA n Solubility of Cu in (B) This work (1000°C) EPMA n [7] Chemical analysis n Solubility of B in (Cu) [4] Electronic conductivity measurement • [5] Electronic resistivity measurements n Partial and integral enthalpy of mixing of liquid [13] High-temperature solution calorimetry n [14] High-temperature calorimetry • Activity of Cu in liquid [14] High-temperature calorimetry • Activity of B in liquid [15] emf h [3] Four-phase equilibrium technique n TA = thermal analysis; DTA = differential thermal analysis; EPMA = electron probe microanalysis; emf = electromotive force n: Used in the thermodynamic optimization; h: not used in the thermodynamic optimization, but used to check the final thermodynamic modeling; •: not used in the thermodynamic optimization Basic and Applied Research: Section I and 850°C for 500 h) to achieve homogeneity. The third part in its as-cast state was used to observe the microstructure associated with the invariant reaction.…”

“…Using electromotive force (emf) measurements, Yukinobu et al [15] measured the activities of B in the Cu-B melts with 2 and 4 at.% B at 1150, 1200 and 1250°C. Employing a four-phase equilibrium technique, which can be considered as an extension of the conventional procedure involving metal-slag-gas equilibration, Jacob et al [3] reinvestigated the activity of B in liquid phase at 1450°C. The data of Jacob et al [3] and Kleppa and Sato [13] were included in the thermodynamic optimization.…”

“…In addition, the presence of B as a minor element is known to increase the corrosion resistance of Cu alloys. [3] The knowledge of accurate phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties in this binary system is thus of high interest.…”