Measurement of the attachment strength of brachiolaria larvae and metamorphic individuals of the sea star Asterina gibbosa by a centrifugation method

Bailly, Philippe; Grosjean, Philippe; Flammang, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.02.011

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…The distance between the particle and the rotation shaft was 0.082 m. The centrifugation frequency ƒ c (rpm) was converted to an angular velocity (!) according to the following Equation (4): (Bailly et al, 2009).…”

Section: Determination Of the Drug-carrier Detachment Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Budesonide dry powder for inhalation: effects of leucine and mannitol on the efficiency of delivery

Rattanupatam¹,

Srichana

2014

Drug Delivery

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Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a budesonide dry powder for inhalation using L-leucine and L-leucine -sieved mannitol as a carrier. Materials and methods: Budesonide and L-leucine were co-spray dried at a mass ratio of 1:50 then blended with various mass ratios of sieved mannitol in the range of 20-80. A 2 3 factorial study was applied to investigate the effects of the spray drying variables; feed rate, aspirator setting and airflow rate on the powder characteristics. The prepared dry powders were characterized using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ultracentrifugation. Drug contents and aerosolization properties were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the Andersen cascade impactor (ACI), respectively. Results and discussion: There was no interaction between budesonide and L-leucine after co-spraying. The budesonide dry powders had a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) in the range of 1.9-2.2 mm at a flow rate of 60 L/min that was suitable for pulmonary delivery. Sieved mannitol as a coarse carrier decreased the interparticulate forces between fine particles of the co-spray dried budesonide-L-leucine and resulted in a high fine particle fraction (FPF) in the range of 64-68% while the co-spray dried powder of budesonide-L-leucine had an FPF of $49%. Conclusions: Blending of the co-spray dried powder with sieved mannitol significantly improved the delivery efficiency of the micronized budesonide better than the co-spray dried with L-leucine alone.

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Section: Determination Of the Drug-carrier Detachment Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Budesonide dry powder for inhalation: effects of leucine and mannitol on the efficiency of delivery

Rattanupatam¹,

Srichana

2014

Drug Delivery

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Wind chop and ship wakes determine hydrodynamic stresses on larvae settling on different microhabitats in fouling communities

Koehl¹,

Crimaldi

Dombroski³

2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Fouling communities living on hard surfaces in harbors are model systems for studying larval recruitment and ecological succession. Although they live in protected harbors, fouling communities are exposed to waves due to wind chop and ship wakes. We studied how superimposing waves onto unidirectional currents affects hydrodynamic stresses experienced by larvae settling into different microhabitats within rugose fouling communities. We exposed fouled plates in a flume to turbulent water currents and waves mimicking those measured across fouling communities in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA, and used laser-Doppler velocimetry to measure water velocities on the scale of larvae (500 µm from surfaces) at specific positions within each community chosen to represent a wide range of microhabitat types. These data were used to determine in stantaneous hydrodynamic stresses encountered by larvae and to calculate larval settlement probabilities. Local topography was more important than successional stage in determining hydrodynamic stresses on the scale of larvae. Increasing current velocity reduced settlement probabilities, with the largest effects on a flat unfouled surface and on microhabitats on the tops of fouling organisms. Wind chop and ship wakes reduced the probability of larval settlement at all current speeds and in all microhabitats, with the most pronounced effects on sites atop fouling organisms. Episodic peak stresses can be orders of magnitude higher than mean stresses, so using instantaneous stresses to calculate settlement probability yields a lower value than is predicted using mean stress. The factor by which the use of mean stress overestimates settlement probability depends on both microhabitat and flow conditions.

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Measurement of the attachment strength of brachiolaria larvae and metamorphic individuals of the sea star Asterina gibbosa by a centrifugation method

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Budesonide dry powder for inhalation: effects of leucine and mannitol on the efficiency of delivery

Budesonide dry powder for inhalation: effects of leucine and mannitol on the efficiency of delivery

Wind chop and ship wakes determine hydrodynamic stresses on larvae settling on different microhabitats in fouling communities

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