Measurement of the damping of liquid surface wave by diffraction method

Dong, Jun; Qi, Jianxia; Miao, Ran

doi:10.1590/s0103-97332007000700010

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The correct use of the camera 7 and a good choice of position for it are very important factors. The camera should not be situated far away from the screen because the images are then small and useless, but nor should it be too close to the screen as the bright central maximum will then cover the other higher order diffraction peaks, making the photographs poor for analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The speaker was fixed to a metal plate located on a stand, with three degrees of movement-back and forth, side to side, up and down-and with it we could adjust the position of the speaker. The selected frequency values were read on the function generator display and controlled by the frequency meter on the computer [7,8,11].…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dispersion relation for capillary waves [7,[10][11][12]] ω 2 = σ k 3 /ρ (the Kelvin relation) can, if written as…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of surface tension coefficient of liquids by diffraction of light on capillary waves

Nikolić¹,

Nešić

2012

Eur. J. Phys.

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This paper describes a simple technique for determining the coefficient of the surface tension of liquids, based on laser light diffraction on capillary waves. Capillary waves of given frequency are created by an exciter needle acting on the surface of liquid and represent a reflective diffraction grating, the constant of which (the wavelength of capillary waves) can be determined based on a known incidence angle of light (grazing angle). We obtain the coefficient of the surface tension of liquids by applying the dispersion relation for capillary waves and analyze the difficulties that arise when setting up and conducting the experiment in detail.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of surface tension coefficient of liquids by diffraction of light on capillary waves

Nikolić¹,

Nešić

2012

Eur. J. Phys.

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“…The theory and description of this cannot always be matched very well to observations [9,10]. Because of the complexity of the topic, certain assumptions have to be made, one of which requires the surface boundary layer, δ, to be much smaller than the liquid depth, h: …”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and closed-loop performance of a liquid mirror adaptive optical system

Have

Vdovin

2012

Appl. Opt.

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A deformable mirror based on the principle of total internal reflection of light from an electrostatically deformed liquid-air interface was realized and used to perform closed-loop adaptive optical (AO) correction on a collimated laser beam aberrated by a rotating phase disk. Equations describing the resonant and oscillatory behavior of the liquid system were obtained and applied to the system under consideration. Characterization of the mirror included open-and closed-loop frequency responses, determination of rise times, the damping times of the liquid, and the influence of liquid surface motion in the absence of external optical aberrations. The performance of the AO system was determined for static and dynamic aberrations for various sets of system parameters. The predictions of the general expressions were compared to the results of the experimental realization and were found to be in good agreement.

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“…Although, all-optical excitation of fluid interface using radiation-pressure and optical detection of surface dynamics is attractive, these approaches are limited to semi-transparent samples, because otherwise the laser absorption essentially induces thermal effects which compete with viscous damping. Several techniques have been used to study surface waves on liquids such as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) 13 of thermal fluctuations, light scattering 14 , 15 , diffraction from dynamic grating on fluid surface 16 – 18 , imaging 19 – 21 , profilometry 22 , 23 and laser interferometry 24 , 25 . In photon-correlation spectroscopy technique, although thermal fluctuation can excite surface waves on most fluids, measuring attenuation using line broadening of the scattered laser light requires integration time of about 20 s and therefore, cannot measure nanomechanical deformation in real-time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Stokes’s nanomechanical viscometer

Chaudhary

Munjal

Singh

2021

Sci Rep

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Although, many conventional approaches have been used to measure viscosity of fluids, most methods do not allow non-contact, rapid measurements on small sample volume and have universal applicability to all fluids. Here, we demonstrate a simple yet universal viscometer, as proposed by Stokes more than a century ago, exploiting damping of capillary waves generated electrically and probed optically with sub-nanoscale precision. Using a low electric field local actuation of fluids we generate quasi-monochromatic propagating capillary waves and employ a pair of single-lens based compact interferometers to measure attenuation of capillary waves in real-time. Our setup allows rapid measurement of viscosity of a wide variety of polar, non-polar, transparent, opaque, thin or thick fluids having viscosity values varying over four orders of magnitude from $$10^{0}{-}10^{4}~\text{mPa} \, \text{s}$$ 10 0 - 10 4 mPa s . Furthermore, we discuss two additional damping mechanisms for nanomechanical capillary waves caused by bottom friction and top nano-layer appearing in micro-litre droplets. Such self-stabilized droplets when coupled with precision interferometers form interesting microscopic platform for picomechanical optofluidics for fundamental, industrial and medical applications.

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Measurement of the damping of liquid surface wave by diffraction method

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Determination of surface tension coefficient of liquids by diffraction of light on capillary waves

Determination of surface tension coefficient of liquids by diffraction of light on capillary waves

Characterization and closed-loop performance of a liquid mirror adaptive optical system

Universal Stokes’s nanomechanical viscometer

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