Measurement of the electrical properties of a thundercloud through muon imaging by the GRAPES-3 experiment.

Hariharan, B.; Ahmad, Shakeel; Chandra, Anuj; Dugad, S.R.; Gupta, Snil K.; Hayashi, Y.; Jagadeesan, P.; Kawakami, S.; Kojima, Hiroshi; Mohanty, P. K.; Morris, S. D.; Muraki, Y.; Nayak, Prasanta K.; Oshima, A.; Rakshe, P.S.; Ramesh, K.; Rao, Balkrishna C.; Reddy, L.V.; Shibata, S.; Tanaka, K.; Zuberi, M.

doi:10.22323/1.358.0185

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…a solar cycle of ∼11 years). Changes reported recently as induced by lower altitude atmospheric phenomena such as thunderclouds only lasted 10 minutes (Hariharan et al, 2019), and the low-energy muons affected by atmospheric pressure variations (Jourde et al, 2016) get filtered in the first meters of rock in our experiment. A much more likely explanation may be given by changes in the groundwater content of the rock overlying the Mont Terri URL and will be the subject of forthcoming publications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Besides being temperature dependent, low-energy muons can also be influenced by other phenomena such as atmospheric pressure variations (Jourde et al, 2016), which is why we consider optimal to remove them. However, open-sky conditions may also reveal new insights into atmospheric phenomena (e.g., Hariharan et al (2019)) and more experimental studies are needed to better understand the limits of the methodology. Thus, detectors could be installed in any buried facility with access to electrical power and real-time data transmission, for example with a wi-fi network., such as road tunnels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rosas-Carbajal et al, 2017). Recently, muon rate variations following the passage of a thundercloud were reported by Hariharan et al (2019) using a relatively large detector (6×6×2 m 3 ). To the best of our knowledge, no experiment has reported the sensitivity of portable muon detectors to middle atmosphere dynamics, especially under relatively low opacity conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Middle‐Atmosphere Dynamics Observed With a Portable Muon Detector

Tramontini

Rosas‐Carbajal

Nussbaum³

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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In the past years, large particle physics experiments have shown that muon rate variations detected in underground laboratories are sensitive to regional, middle‐atmosphere temperature variations. Potential applications include tracking short‐term atmosphere dynamics, such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings. We report here that such sensitivity is not only limited to large surface detectors under high‐opacity conditions. We use a portable muon detector conceived for muon tomography for geophysical applications, and we study muon rate variations observed over 1 year of measurements at the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, Switzerland (opacity of ~700 meter water equivalent). We observe a direct correlation between middle‐atmosphere seasonal temperature variations and muon rate. Muon rate variations are also sensitive to the abnormal atmosphere heating in January–February 2017, associated to a Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Estimates of the effective temperature coefficient for our particular case agree with theoretical models and with those calculated from large neutrino experiments under comparable conditions. Thus, portable muon detectors may be useful to (1) study seasonal and short‐term middle‐atmosphere dynamics, especially in locations where data are lacking such as midlatitudes, and (2) improve the calibration of the effective temperature coefficient for different opacity conditions. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of assessing the impact of temperature on muon rate variations when considering geophysical applications. Depending on latitude and opacity conditions, this effect may be large enough to hide subsurface density variations due to changes in groundwater content and should therefore be removed from the time series.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Middle‐Atmosphere Dynamics Observed With a Portable Muon Detector

Tramontini

Rosas‐Carbajal

Nussbaum³

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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“…It was recently suggested that high‐frequency radiation emissions observed in the atmosphere could originate from muons interacting with electric fields inside thunderclouds. This novel idea is based on a reduction of the muon detection during thunderstorm occurrences by the ground based telescope GRAPES‐3 located in Ooty, India (Hariharan et al., 2019). Gamma‐Ray Bursts (GRBs) are commonly thought to result from the interaction of neutron stars in outer space or comet collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Backward Peaking Radiation Pattern From a Relativistic Particle Accelerated by Lightning Leader Tip Electric Field

Yücemöz

Füllekrug

2021

JGR Atmospheres

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A novel formula was developed to calculate bremsstrahlung radiation patterns of a charged non/relativistic particle with the Doppler effect.• The bremsstrahlung radiation pattern of a charged relativistic particle exhibits 10 forward and backward peaking due to symmetry conservation. 11• The two forward and backward peaking lobes are asymmetric with respect to the 12 velocity vector due to the curved particle trajectory.

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“…Most recently, an indirect measurement of the electric field and the potential difference inside the storm have already allowed the measurement of a greater than one GV potential difference inside the cloud ( predicted by C.T.R. Wilson 90 years ago [7]) by the Grapes Muon Telescope-III scientists [11]. Note that, such potential difference is almost an order of magnitude larger than the previously reported maximum potential in balloon sounding (0.13 GV) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Variations in Cosmic Ray Shower Rates During Thunderstorms and Implications for Large-Scale Electric Field Changes

Abbasi¹

2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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This work presents the first observation by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) of the effect of thunderstorms on the development of the cosmic ray showers. Observations of variations in the cosmic ray showers, using the TASD, allows us to study the electric field inside thunderstorms on a large scale without dealing with all the limitation of narrow exposure in time and space using balloons and aircraft detectors. In this work, observations of variations in the cosmic ray shower intensity (Δ / ) using the TASD, was studied and found to be on average at the (1 − 2)% level. These observations where found to be both negative and positive in polarity. They were found to be correlated with lightning but also with thunderstorms. The size of the footprint of these variations on the ground ranged from (4-24) km in diameter and lasted for 10s of minutes. Dependence of (Δ / ) on the electric field inside thunderstorms, in this work, is derived from CORSIKA simulations.

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Measurement of the electrical properties of a thundercloud through muon imaging by the GRAPES-3 experiment.

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Middle‐Atmosphere Dynamics Observed With a Portable Muon Detector

Middle‐Atmosphere Dynamics Observed With a Portable Muon Detector

Asymmetric Backward Peaking Radiation Pattern From a Relativistic Particle Accelerated by Lightning Leader Tip Electric Field

Observation of Variations in Cosmic Ray Shower Rates During Thunderstorms and Implications for Large-Scale Electric Field Changes

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