Measurement of the ‘fast’ or complexed form of α2 macroglobulin in biological fluids using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay

Banks, Rosamonde E.; Evans, Stuart; Leuven, Freddy Van; Alexander, David; McMahon, Michael; Whicher, J T

doi:10.1016/0022-1759(90)90006-h

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is in accordance with Banks et al [31] and Zucker et al [32] who has described similar sandwich ELISA methods for quantitation of complexed az-macroglobulin using other monoclonal antibodies to complexed a,-macroglobulin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The reference range for complexed α₂-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α₂-macroglobulin

Jespersen

Jensen

Rasmussen

et al. 1993

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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Purified alpha 2-macroglobulin was complexed by reaction with methylamine and used to raise monoclonal murine antibodies. A four-step enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to determine the antibody-specificity of the produced monoclonal murine antibodies towards human native and complexed alpha 2-macroglobulin. Two monoclonal antibodies were selected, H11A11 (specific towards complexed alpha 2-macroglobulin) and 1CG4 (recognizes both forms of the molecule), and purified by affinity chromatography on protein G. The purified antibodies were used to develop a fast three-step ELISA for exact quantitation of complexed and total alpha 2-macroglobulin in human plasma. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for measurement of complexed alpha 2-macroglobulin is 2.2-9.9%, whereas the inter-assay CV was determined to be 3.7-10.5% and the recovery of the assay is 93-108%. The assay for total alpha 2-macroglobulin has an intra-assay CV of 3.0-15.5%, an interassay CV of 5.1-21.2% and a recovery of 91-116%. Citrated plasma samples from 139 healthy blood donors were examined, resulting in a reference range for complexed alpha 2-macroglobulin of 13.5-31.1 mg 1(-1) with a median value of 21.7 mg 1(-1). The concentration of total alpha 2-macroglobulin was measured by the same assay using the monoclonal antibodies 1CG4. For total alpha 2-macroglobulin we determined the reference range to be 1.12-3.54 g 1(-1) with a median value of 2.14 g 1(-1). Based on these results the reference range for complexed alpha 2-macroglobulin as a percentage of total alpha 2-macroglobulin was calculated to be 0.8-1.9% with a median value of 1.0%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The reference range for complexed α₂-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α₂-macroglobulin

Jespersen

Jensen

Rasmussen

et al. 1993

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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“…Alpha 2-M has been found in vertebrates to regulate host cell apoptosis [15], enhance prothrombin activation and thrombin potential [16], mediate T-cell proliferation [17] and induce proliferation and activation of macrophages [18,19]. Moreover, it is a ubiquitous proteinase inhibitor with high molecular weight in invertebrates and vertebrates [10,20e22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and characterization of alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2-M) from the haemocytes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Qin

Chen

Qin

et al. 2010

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Here we demonstrate the effect of ␣-macroglobulins on the striatal and cholinergic neurons, and suggest a potentially important role for the ␣-macroglobulin family proteins in CNS neurodegenerative disorders associated with these systems. Activated or ''fast'' ␣ 2 M has been detected to occur normally in various biologic fluids and its concentration is greatly increased in several human inflammatory conditions investigated (Jespersen et al, 1993;Bank et al, 1990Bank et al, , 1991. In addition, accumulation of amines has been detected in cerebral infarction, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington Chorea, as well as in the axons of degenerating neuros (Willis et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inhibition of dopamine and choline acetyltransferase concentrations in rat CNS neurons by rat ?1- and ?2-macroglobulins

Liebl

Dluzen

et al. 1998

J. Neurosci. Res.

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Previous studies have implicated human alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) as a potential regulator of neuronal development and function. Rat alpha-1-macroglobulin (alpha1M) and acute-phase alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) are murine homologues of human alpha2M. In this report, we tested the effect of intracranially infused serotonin-activated rat alpha1M (5HT-alpha1M) on the concentration of dopamine (DA) in the corpus striatum in vivo and the effect of 5HT-activated rat alpha1M and alpha2M on the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity upon embryonic basal forebrain neurons in culture. The results show that direct infusion of 0.65 nmole rat 5HT-alpha1M into the adult rat corpus striatum produced a consistent attenuation upon striatal DA concentrations. This decrease was particularly prominent at 5-7 days post-infusion. In addition, rat 5HT-alpha1M and rat 5HT-alpha2M, like human 5HT-alpha2M, all significantly inhibited ChAT activity of embryonic rat cerebral cortex neurons. Although normal human alpha2M and rat alpha2M were either marginally or insignificantly inhibitory in this preparation, normal rat alpha1M dose-dependently inhibited ChAT activity. These results demonstrate that monoamine-activated alpha-macroglobulins from rat depress dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems in the CNS, and this suggests a potential regulatory role of these alpha-macroglobulins in neurotransmitter metabolism.

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Measurement of the ‘fast’ or complexed form of α2 macroglobulin in biological fluids using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

The reference range for complexed α₂-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α₂-macroglobulin

The reference range for complexed α₂-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α₂-macroglobulin

Molecular cloning and characterization of alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2-M) from the haemocytes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Inhibition of dopamine and choline acetyltransferase concentrations in rat CNS neurons by rat ?1- and ?2-macroglobulins

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Measurement of the ‘fast’ or complexed form of α2 macroglobulin in biological fluids using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

The reference range for complexed α2-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α2-macroglobulin

The reference range for complexed α2-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α2-macroglobulin

Molecular cloning and characterization of alpha 2-macroglobulin (α2-M) from the haemocytes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Inhibition of dopamine and choline acetyltransferase concentrations in rat CNS neurons by rat ?1- and ?2-macroglobulins

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The reference range for complexed α₂-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α₂-macroglobulin

The reference range for complexed α₂-macroglobulin human plasma: Development of a new enzyme linked in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of complexed α₂-macroglobulin