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Volk, C. H.; Kwon, T. M.; Mark, J. G.

doi:10.1103/physreva.21.1549

Cited by 77 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The xenon nuclei are polarized and their precession analyzed by spin exchange with optically pumped rubidium vapor. 10,11 A relatively large pump field, B pump = 10 mG, is applied parallel to the light for about 500 sec. A semiconductor laser with a 3-mW output tuned to the Di line of Rb (795 nm) polarizes the Rb at a rate of 50 sec" 1 , while the depolarization rate, due mainly to collisions with Xe, is about 500 sec -1 , resulting in a Rb polarization of about 10%.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…10 The sensitivity to the Xe magnetization comes from spinspin interaction in Rb-Xe collisions. An oscillating magnetic field, B osc is applied perpendicular to both the light and B pYQC , with a frequency a>/27r = 300 Hz, causing the Rb polarization in the plane perpendicular to B osc to oscillate by approximately ± 1 rad about its equilibrium position along the light axis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Search for a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment on theXe129Atom

et al. 1984

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A measurement of a permanent electric dipole moment on xenon atoms has yielded the null result d( 129 Xe) = ( -0.3 ± 1.1) x 10~2 6 e • cm, achieved by use of spin exchange with optically pumped rubidium atoms to determine the precession frequency of the xenon nuclear spins as a function of applied electric field. This measurement improves the limit on an atomic dipole moment by over four orders of magnitude. It is sensitive to timereversal-asymmetric forces within the atom, setting a new upper limit of 10" 6 Gp on a shortrange tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleon coupling.PACS numbers: 32.80. Bx, 11.30.Er, 35.10.Di The discovery 1 in 1964 of CP nonconservation in the K 0 meson system provided the first and still the only evidence of time-reversal (T) symmetry violation. In attempting to find other examples of T nonconservation accurate searches have been undertaken for a permanent electric-dipole moment (edm) on an elementary particle or atomic system. Measurements on the neutron 2 ' 3 have yielded the important null value for the dipole moment, d(n) < 4xl0~2 5 e -cm. Searches for an edm on atoms and molecules have set upper limits on Tnonconserving electron-nucleon forces, and on the edm of the electron and the proton. 4 " 8 .We report here the first result in a new search 9 for an atomic edm. We observe precession of the nuclear spins of xenon atoms in a magnetic field, and measure the change in precession frequency when an applied electric field is reversed relative to the magnetic field. Thus far we have obtained the null result:where the quoted error is statistical and one standard deviation. This result is sensitive to several plausible T-nonconserving forces within the atom. For example, it improves the limit on a tensorpseudotensor interaction 5,8 between electrons and nucleons by over a factor of 10. The ground state of 129 Xe is doubly degenerate, with the states distinguished by the axial nuclearspin quantum number, mj= ± \. In external electric and magnetic^fieldsj? and B, the energy operator is H = -d • E -jZ • B, where d^d

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Search for a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment on theXe129Atom

et al. 1984

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“…Briefly, the AVAMs utilized in this study are implemented in the zero-field configuration1950. The magnetic field is modulated along the y -axis using a sinusoidal waveform of 1 μT amplitude and 7 kHz frequency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized microfabricated platform for the optical generation and detection of hyperpolarized 129Xe

Kennedy

Seltzer

Jiménez-Martínez

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Low thermal-equilibrium nuclear spin polarizations and the need for sophisticated instrumentation render conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) incompatible with small-scale microfluidic devices. Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas has found use in the study of many materials but has required very large and expensive instrumentation. Recently a microfabricated device with modest instrumentation demonstrated all-optical hyperpolarization and detection of 129Xe gas. This device was limited by 129Xe polarizations less than 1%, 129Xe NMR signals smaller than 20 nT, and transport of hyperpolarized 129Xe over millimeter lengths. Higher polarizations, versatile detection schemes, and flow of 129Xe over larger distances are desirable for wider applications. Here we demonstrate an ultra-sensitive microfabricated platform that achieves 129Xe polarizations reaching 7%, NMR signals exceeding 1 μT, lifetimes up to 6 s, and simultaneous two-mode detection, consisting of a high-sensitivity in situ channel with signal-to-noise of 105 and a lower-sensitivity ex situ detection channel which may be useful in a wider variety of conditions. 129Xe is hyperpolarized and detected in locations more than 1 cm apart. Our versatile device is an optimal platform for microfluidic magnetic resonance in particular, but equally attractive for wider nuclear spin applications benefitting from ultra-sensitive detection, long coherences, and simple instrumentation.

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“…Some experiments switch the magnetic field direction to observe transverse decays [33]. As shown in Figure 1.7, an unpolarized detection beam consisting of equal numbers of left and right circularly-polarized photons impinges on a cell containing polarized alkali metal vapor, and as a result, picks up a small polarization due to the difference in a~sorption for left and right circularly polarized light (optical birefringence).…”

Section: Rb(5s) X E(lsl) X E(ls2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical pumping and xenon NMR

Raftery¹

1991

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of xenon has become an important tool for jnvestigating a wide variety of materials, especially those with high surface area. The sensitivity of its chemical shift to environment, and its chemical inertness . and adsorption properties make xenon a particularly useful NMR probe. This work discusses the application of optical pumping to enhance the sensitivity of xenon NMR " experiments, thereby allowing them to be Used in the study of systems with lower surface area.A novel method of optically-pumping 129Xe in low magnetic field below an NMR spectrometer and subsequent transfer of the gas to high magnetic field is described.NMR studies of the highly polarized gas adsorbed onto powdered samples with low to moderate surface areas are now possible. For instance, NMR studies of optically~ pumped xenon adsorbed onto polyacrylic acid show that xenon has alarge interaction with the surface. By modeling the low temperature data in terms of a sticking probability and the gas phase xenon-xenon interaction, the diffusion coefficient for xenon at the surface of the polymer is determined. The sensitivity enhancement afforded by optical pumping also allows the NMR observation of xenon thin films frozen onto the inner surfaces of different sample cells. The geometry of the thin films results in interesting line shapes that are due to the bulk magnetic susceptibility of xenon.Experiments are also descriped that combine optical pumping with optical detection for high sensitivity in low magnetic field to observe the quadrupolar evolution of 131 Xe spins at the surface of the pumping cell~. In cells with macroscopic asymmetry, a residual quadrupolar interaction causes a splitting in the 131XeNMR frequencies in bare Pyrex glass cells and cells with added hydrogen.Conventional xenon NMR experiments conducted on coadsorbed organic molecules _ in Na-Y zeolites show that the xenon chemical shift is sensitive to the identity and concentration of these guests. Clusters of xenon trapped in Na-A zeolite have interesting statistical distributions due to the finite atomic size of the xenon. The statistics can be described in the low to moderate loading regime by binary and hypergeometric distribution functions.Finally, a comprehensive review of the xenon NMR literature, including previous optical pumping studies, is provided.; ; "

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Measurement of theRb87-Xe

Cited by 77 publications

References 21 publications

Search for a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment on theXe129Atom

Search for a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment on theXe129Atom

An optimized microfabricated platform for the optical generation and detection of hyperpolarized 129Xe

Optical pumping and xenon NMR

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