Measurement of the Nonlinear Coefficient of a Second-Higher Term in Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics with Half-Surface Electrodes

Abstract

Second-harmonic voltage between a pair of electrodes, appearing due to nonlinearity, was theoretically calculated in piezoelectric rectangular vibrators with a pair of half electrodes which were driven by a sinusoidal constant current having the resonance frequency of length-extensional 12l-mode vibration. The theoretical calculation was performed using the electrical equivalent circuit of a piezoelectric rectangular vibrator. A material constant as a nonlinear coefficient of second-higher term can be derived by using an equation, as that obtained in the present paper, showing the relationship between the magnitude of second harmonic voltage and the nonlinear coefficient of second-higher term.

Nonlinear Piezoelectric Coefficients in Compositions near Morphotropic Phase Boundary of PbZrO3-PbTiO3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Piezoelectric Ceramics

“…( 1). 8,9) Here, E 3 and D 3 are the electric field and electric flux density in the thickness direction, S 1 and s 11 E are the strain and elastic compliance in the transverse direction (x-direction), g 31 and 33…”

“…( 1) were derived. 8,9) The half-electrode sample shown in Fig. 2(a) was used for the measurement of D31 , and the whole-electrode sample in Fig.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Umeda et al measured the change of linear coefficients as a function of vibration velocity by the electrical transient response method in order to eliminate the effect of heat generation in high-power vibration. 6,7) We have defined the nonlinear coefficients of second-and third-higher terms, 8,9) and demonstrated that we can quantitatively represent several nonlinear phenomena by using the nonlinear coefficient of the third-higher term. [10][11][12][13] Furthermore, we have investigated several dependences of the nonlinear coefficient of the third-higher term in the ternary PZT piezoelectric ceramics containing Pb(Sb 1=2 Nb 1=2 )O 3 (PSN) as a third component, 14,15) and obtained the same results as those of Takahashi and coworkers that the nonlinear phenomena are caused by the nonlinear motion of non-180 domain walls.…”

Electric bias dependence of piezoelectric wave reflection upon a rotating half‐plane

“…The nonlinear piezoelectric tensors are primarily devoted to two aspects. At first, in order to quantitatively analyze the nonlinearity in piezoelectric ceramics like the current jump phenomenon and harmonic voltage generations, it is necessary to obtain higher order tensors in the nonlinear terms, or when the piezoelectric devices are driven under high power condition, the nonlinear piezoelectric vibration becomes apparent. On the other hand, for the purpose of either avoiding the biasing fields or making use of them, knowledge of the behaviors of electroelastic bodies under biasing fields is crucial in the design of many electromechanical devices.…”

High-Quality Lead-Free Ferroelectric Ceramics Prepared from the Flash-Creation-Method-Derived Nanopowder

“…Perovskite ferroelectric PbZr,TiO 3 including toxic lead as a principal element has been used exclusively as the active material of sensors, transducers, actuators and non-volatile memories. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In recent days, lead-free perovskite ferroelectrics of the solid solutions based on Bi, K, NaTiO 3 , 8,9 and K, Na NbO and their derivatives [35][36][37][38][39][40] have played an important role as alternative materials of PbZr,TiO 3 . The low sinterability and the loss of volatile elements such as Bi and K during heat treatment, however, constitute barriers to put these lead-free materials into practical use.…”