Measurement of the radial mode spectrum of photons through a
				phase-retrieval method

Choudhary, Saumya; Sampson, Rachel; Miyamoto, Yoko; Magaña‐Loaiza, Omar S.; Rafsanjani, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi; Mirhosseini, Mohammad; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1364/ol.43.006101

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The challenges involved in the process of extracting large amounts of information, encoded in photonic wavefunctions, impose practical limitations to realistic quantum technologies [8,25,110]. A family of techniques classified under the umbrella of quantum state tomography offers the possibility of decoding information from light particles [7,8,32,114,115]. The spatial profile of light enables the possibility of encoding information [25].…”

Section: Quantum State Tomography For High-dimensional Photonic Wavef...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum imaging and information

Magaña‐Loaiza

Boyd

2019

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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The maturity of fields such as optical physics and quantum optics has brought with it a new era where the photon represents a promising information resource. In the past few years, scientists and engineers have exploited multiple degrees of freedom of the photon to perform information processing for a wide variety of applications. Of particular importance, the transverse spatial degree of freedom has offered a flexible platform to test complex quantum information protocols in a relatively simple fashion. In this regard, novel imaging techniques that exploit the quantum properties of light have also been investigated. In this review article, we define the fundamental parameters that describe the spatial wavefunction of the photon and establish their importance for applications in quantum information processing. More specifically, we describe the underlying physics behind remarkable protocols in which information is processed through high-dimensional spatial states of photons with sub-shotnoise levels or where quantum images with unique resolution features are formed. We also discuss the fundamental role that certain imaging techniques have played in the development of novel methods for quantum information processing and vice versa.

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Section: Quantum State Tomography For High-dimensional Photonic Wavef...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum imaging and information

Magaña‐Loaiza

Boyd

2019

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…2(b). The subsequent mode converter realized by spatial light modulator (SLM) transforms the LG mode |1 p to |0 p [35,36], and the phase imparted to the SLMs can be calculated by a nonlinear fitting algorithm [37]. Then a beamsplitter recombines the modes and acts as a binary quantum F-gate [34].…”

Section: Radial Mode Sortermentioning

confidence: 99%

Using all transverse degrees of freedom in quantum communications based on a generic mode sorter

et al. 2019

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The dimension of the state space for information encoding offered by the transverse structure of light is usually limited by the finite size of apertures. The widely used orbital angular momentum (OAM) number of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes in free-space communications cannot achieve the theoretical maximum transmission capacity unless the radial degree of freedom is multiplexed into the protocol. While the methodology to sort the radial quantum number has been developed, the application of radial modes in quantum communications requires an additional ability to efficiently measure the superposition of LG modes in the mutually unbiased basis. Here we develop and implement a generic mode sorter that is capable of sorting the superposition of LG modes through the use of a mode converter. As a consequence, we demonstrate an 8-dimensional quantum key distribution experiment involving all three transverse degrees of freedom: spin, azimuthal, and radial quantum numbers of photons. Our protocol presents an important step towards the goal of reaching the capacity limit of a free-space link and can be useful to other applications that involve spatial modes of photons.

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“…A collinear phase-shifting holographic method 213 is reported with a modal extinction ratio of 24 dB between LG 10 and LG 11 . Another optical correlation technique based on a phase-retrieval method 223 is reported for decomposing LG lp ðl ¼ 0; 0 ≤ p ≤ 2Þ modes with <10 dB modal extinction ratio between the mode of interest and the neighboring modes. An optical correlation technique based on intensity flattening 224 is reported for decomposing LG lp ðl ¼ 0; 0 ≤ p ≤ 7Þ radial order modes.…”

Section: Optical Correlation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Generation and decomposition of scalar and vector modes carrying orbital angular momentum: a review

et al. 2019

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM), one of the most recently discovered degrees of freedom of light beam field has fundamentally revolutionized optical physics and its technological capabilities. Optical beams with OAM have enabled a large variety of applications, including super-resolution imaging, optical trapping, classical and quantum optical communication, and quantum computing, to mention a few. To enable these and several other emerging applications, optical beams with OAM have been generated using a variety of methods and technologies, such as a simple astigmatic lens pair, one-/two-dimensional holographic optical elements, threedimensional spiral phase plates, optical fibers, and recent entrants such as metasurfaces. All these techniques achieve spatial light modulation and can be implemented with either passive elements or active devices, such as liquid crystal on silicon and digital micromirror devices. Many of these devices and technologies are not only used for the generation of amplitude phase-polarization structured light beams but are also capable of analyzing them. We have attempted to encompass a wide variety of such technologies as well as a few emerging methodologies, broadly categorized into generation and detection protocols. We address the needs of scientists and engineers who desire to generate/detect OAM modes and are looking for the technique (active or passive) best suited for their application. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Measurement of the radial mode spectrum of photons through a phase-retrieval method

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Quantum imaging and information

Quantum imaging and information

Using all transverse degrees of freedom in quantum communications based on a generic mode sorter

Generation and decomposition of scalar and vector modes carrying orbital angular momentum: a review

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