Measurement of the relative yields of 
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 to 
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 mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in 
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Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Alfred, M.; Andrieux, V.; Aoki, Kazuo; Apadula, N.; Asano, H.; Ayuso, C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, Mei; Bandara, N. S.; Bannier, B.; Barish, K. N.; Bathe, S.; Bazilevsky, A.; Beaumier, M.; Beckman, S.; Belmont, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Blau, D.; Boër, M.; Bok, Jeongsu; Bownes, E. K.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Bumazhnov, V.; Butler, C.; Campbell, S.; Roman, V. Canoa; Cervantes, R.; Chen, C. H.; Y., C.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choi, J.; Chujo, T.; Citron, Z. H.; Connors, M.; Cronin, N.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Danley, T. W.; Datta, A.; Daugherity, M.; David, G.; DeBlasio, K.; Dehmelt, K.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dion, A.; Diss, P. B.; Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar; H., J.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Dumančić, M.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Dusing, J. P.; Elder, T.; Enokizono, A.; En’yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fan, W.; Feege, N.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Fokin, S.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fukuda, Y.; Gal, C.; Gallus, P.; Garg, P.; Ge, H.; Giordano, F.; Glenn, A.; Goto, Y.; Grau, N.; Greene, S.; Perdekamp, M. Grosse; Gunji, T.; Guragain, H.; Hachiya, T.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamilton, H. F.; Han, S. Y.; Hanks, J.; Hasegawa, S.; Haseler, T. O. S.; Hashimoto, K.; He, X.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hill, J. C.; Hill, K. K.; Hollis, R. S.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Hoshino, T.; Hotvedt, N.; Huang, J.; Huang, S.; Imai, K.; Imrek, J.; Inaba, M.; Iordanova, A.; Isenhower, D.; Ito, Yuta; Ivanishchev, D.; Jacak, B.; Jezghani, M.; Ji, Z.; Jia, J.; Jiang, X.; Johnson, B. M.; Jorjadze, V.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kanda, S.; Kang, J. H.; Kapukchyan, D.; Karthas, S.; Kawall, D.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Key, J. A.; Khachatryan, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kim, C.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E. J.; Kim, G. W.; Kim, M.; Kimball, M. L.; Kimelman, B.; Kincses, D.; Kistenev, E.; Kitamura, R.; Klatsky, J.; Kleinjan, D.; Kline, P.; Koblesky, T.; Komkov, B.; Kotler, J. R.; Kotov, D.; Kudo, S.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Lacey, R.; Lajoie, J. G.; Lallow, E. O.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. H.; Leitch, M. J.; Leung, Y. H.; Lewis, N. A.; Li, X.; Lim, Sanghoon; Liu, L. D.; Liu, M. X.; Loggins, V.-R.; Lovasz, K.; Lynch, D.; Majoros, T.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Makek, M.; Malaev, M.; Manion, A.; Manko, V.; Mannel, E.; Masuda, Hiroaki; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; McGlinchey, D.; McKinney, C.; Meles, A.; Méndez, A.; Mendoza, M.; Mignerey, A. C.; Mihalik, D. E.; Milov, A.; Mishra, D. K.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mitsuka, G.; Miyasaka, S.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, A. K.; Montuenga, P.; Moon, T.; Morrison, D. P.; Morrow, S. I.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Murakami, T.; Murata, J.; Mwai, A.; Nagai, K.; Nagashima, K.; Nagashima, T.; Nagle, J. L.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakagomi, H.; Nakano, K.; Nattrass, C.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Niida, T.; Nishimura, S.; Nouicer, R.; Novák, T.; Novitzky, N.; Novotny, R.; Nyanin, A.; O’Brien, E.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Koop, J. D. Orjuela; Osborn, J. D.; Öskarsson, A.; Ottino, G. J.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, J. S.; Park, S.; Pate, S. F.; Patel, M.; Peng, J. C.; Peng, W.; Perepelitsa, D. V.; Perera, G. D. N.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Lara, C. E. Perez; Perry, J.; Petti, R.; Phipps, M. W.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pinson, R.; Pisani, R. P.; Press, C. J.; Pun, A.; Purschke, M. L.; Rak, J.; Ramson, B.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richford, D.; Rinn, Timothy Thomas; Rolnick, S. D.; Rosati, M.; Rowan, Z.; Rubin, J.; Runchey, J.; Safonov, A.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sako, H.; Samsonov, V.; Sarsour, M.; Sato, Kazuyuki; Sato, Susumu; Schaefer, B.; Schmoll, B. K.; Sedgwick, K.; Seidl, R.; Sen, A.; Seto, R.; Sett, P.; Sexton, A.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shibata, T. A.; Shigaki, K.; Shimomura, M.; Shioya, T.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A. M.; Silva, C. L.; Silva, J. A.; Silvermyr, D.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Slunečka, M.; Smith, K.; Snowball, M.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sörensen, S.; Sourikova, I. V.; Stankus, P. W.; Stepanov, M.; Stien, H.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sumita, T.; Sun, J.; Syed, S.; Sziklai, J.; Takeda, Atsushi; Taketani, A.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tarnai, G.; Tieulent, R.; Timilsina, A.; Todoroki, T.; Tomášek, M.; Towell, C. L.; Towell, R. S.; Tserruya, I.; Ueda, Y.; Ujvári, B.; Hecke, H. W. van; Vazquez-Carson, S.; Velkovska, J.; Virius, M.; Vrba, V.; Vukman, N.; Wang, X. R.; Wang, Z.; Watanabe, Y.; Wei, F.; White, A.; Wong, C. P.; Woody, C. L.; Wysocki, M.; Xia, B.; Xu, C.; Xu, Q.; Xue, L.; Yalcin, S.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Yanovich, A.; Yin, P.; Yoo, J.; Yoon, I.; Yu, H.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zelenski, A.; Zharko, S.; Zhou, S.; Zou, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.95.034904

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…arXiv:1707.07266v2 [hep-ph] 1 Feb 2018 , is smaller than 0.6, even for P ⊥ as large as 7 GeV at rapidities towards the proton fragmentation region. The ψ(2S)/J/ψ suppression in p+A collisions is also seen by the LHCb Collaboration [30] and in more detailed studies by both the ALICE Collaboration [31] and the PHENIX Collaboration [32]. Key features of the experimental results are (i) the ratio R is nearly flat at 0.6 for forward rapidities even as P ⊥ becomes larger while at backward rapidities, it goes to unity with increasing P ⊥ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

ψ(2S) versus J/ψ suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges

Venugopalan

Watanabe

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. C

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We argue that the large suppression of the ψ(2S) inclusive cross-section relative to the J/ψ inclusive cross-section in proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions can be attributed to factorization breaking effects in the formation of quarkonium. These factorization breaking effects arise from soft color exchanges between charm-anticharm pairs undergoing hadronization and comoving partons that are long-lived on time scales of quarkonium formation. We compute the short distance pair production of heavy quarks in the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory and employ an improved Color Evaporation Model (ICEM) to describe their hadronization into quarkonium at large distances. The combined CGC+ICEM model provides a quantitative description of J/ψ and ψ(2S) data in proton-proton (p+p) collisions from both RHIC and the LHC. Factorization breaking effects in hadronization, due to additional parton comovers in the nucleus, are introduced heuristically by imposing a cutoff Λ, representing the average momentum kick from soft color exchanges, in the ICEM. Such soft exchanges have no perceptible effect on J/ψ suppression in p+A collisions. In contrast, the interplay of the physics of these soft exchanges at large distances, with the physics of semi-hard rescattering at short distances, causes a significant additional suppression of ψ(2S) yields relative to that of the J/ψ. A good fit of all RHIC and LHC J/ψ and ψ(2S) data, for transverse momenta P ⊥ ≤ 5 GeV in p+p and p+A collisions, is obtained for Λ ∼ 10 MeV. A c c ∼ t t ∼ t c t f · · · FIG. 1: (Color online) Schematic diagram of Onium production in p+A collisions. The red blob represents parton hard scattering at short distances. Vertical gluons represent multiple gluon scattering (with typical net momentum exchange of order Qs, the saturation scale) off the target nucleus, expressed through a lightlike Wilson line. Soft gluon exchange between produced cc pair and comover spectators at larger distances are shown as orange vertical gluons. The three time scales (tt, tc, t f ) discussed in the text are also illustrated in the figure.Recently, the PHENIX Collaboration at RHIC reported on measurements of ψ(2S) production in d+Au collisions with center-of-mass energy √ s N N = 0.2 TeV/nucleon [28]. They found that in rare events corresponding to a large number of collisions, the ψ(2S) yield is significantly suppressed relative to p+p collisions. This suppression is greater than that seen for the J/ψ yield. The observation of ψ(2S) suppression was corroborated by the ALICE Collaboration in p+Pb collisions at √ s N N = 5.02 TeV/nucleon [29]. They found that the suppression parameter for ψ(2S), R ψ(2S) pA

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

ψ(2S) versus J/ψ suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges

Venugopalan

Watanabe

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. C

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“…With the above approach the knowledge of the heavy quark production cross section along with the thermal parameters obtained from the analysis of the yields of hadrons composed of light quarks, see previous section, is sufficient to determine the yield of hadrons containing heavy quarks in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. [117][118][119][120][121][122]. The point for central Pb-Pb collisions at SPS energy is from the NA50 experiment [123].…”

Section: Statistical Hadronization Of Heavy Quarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy

Andronic

Braun‐Munzinger

Redlich

et al. 2018

Nature

727

719

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Recent studies based on lattice Monte Carlo simulations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD)-the theory of strong interactions-have demonstrated that at high temperature there is a phase change from confined hadronic matter to a deconfined quark-gluon plasma in which quarks and gluons can travel distances that greatly exceed the size of hadrons. Here we show that the phase structure of such strongly interacting matter can be decoded by analysing particle production in high-energy nuclear collisions within the framework of statistical hadronization, which accounts for the thermal distribution of particle species. Our results represent a phenomenological determination of the location of the phase boundary of strongly interacting matter, and imply quark-hadron duality at this boundary.

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“…In both the channels, the first and second peaks seem to melt almost simultaneously. It is interesting to compare our predictions for excited states with recent experimental [35][36][37][38][39][40] or theoretical results [55][56][57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In the recent heavy-ion collision experiments, the suppression of charmonium excited states (ψ or ψ(2S)) was also observed [35][36][37][38][39][40]. The experimental results show that the yield of the excited state is more strongly suppressed when more nucleons participate in the collision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Charmonium ground and excited states at finite temperature from complex Borel sum rules

Araki¹,

Suzuki²,

Gubler³

et al. 2018

Physics Letters B

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Charmonium spectral functions in vector and pseudoscalar channels at finite temperature are investigated through the complex Borel sum rules and the maximum entropy method. Our approach enables us to extract the peaks corresponding to the excited charmonia, ψ and η c , as well as those of the ground states, J/ψ and ηc, which has never been achieved in usual QCD sum rule analyses. We show the spectral functions in vacuum and their thermal modification around the critical temperature, which leads to the almost simultaneous melting (or peak disappearance) of the ground and excited states.

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Measurement of the relative yields of ψ(2S) to ψ(1S) mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in
A. Adare¹,
C. Aidala²,
N. N. Ajitanand³
et al.

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

ψ(2S) versus J/ψ suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges

ψ(2S) versus J/ψ suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges

Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy

Charmonium ground and excited states at finite temperature from complex Borel sum rules

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Measurement of the relative yields of ψ(2S) to ψ(1S) mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in A. Adare1, C. Aidala2, N. N. Ajitanand3 et al.

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

ψ(2S) versus J/ψ suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges

ψ(2S) versus J/ψ suppression in proton-nucleus collisions from factorization violating soft color exchanges

Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy

Charmonium ground and excited states at finite temperature from complex Borel sum rules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Measurement of the relative yields of ψ(2S) to ψ(1S) mesons produced at forward and backward rapidity in
A. Adare¹,
C. Aidala²,
N. N. Ajitanand³
et al.